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All examples of Urdu poetry possess certain unique characteristics and have unique structure. Those rules which are kept while composing Urdu poetry are concerned to meter, rhymes, rhythm and other specific components of Urdu poetry. But inspire of such number of different rules which are used for composing Urdu poetry, these poems are very bright, colorful and expressive.

Here are forms of Urdu poetry:

1. Ghazal – is a collection of couplets called “shers” which contain such components as bahar, malta, maqta, qafiya and radeef.  Each couplet has its own thought or theme. Every couplet must have the same meter, same rhyme, and same radeef. Each couplet also should have malta and sometimes maqta, which is a pen name of the author included in the last couplet of the poem.
2.Marsiya – is a form of Urdu poetry which depicts grief and sadness  because of death of noble man or lovely person..  We can read examples of marsiya which depict self-sacrifice of Hazrat Imam Husain and his troops during the battle of Karbala.

3.Masnawi -   is a long, epic, narrative poem which tells about big battles carried out in the past. There is also philosophical and ethical background in such poems.

4.Qasida – is a form od Urdu poetry whoch look like long ballad whiten to honor the king or a noble person. Sometimes you can metet qasisas which depict great battles too.

5. Nazm is a form of Urdu poetry which doesn’t have equivalents in literature of other cultures. The main characteristic of nazm is the one theme which can be traced through whole poem. And it is different from the ghazal where every couplet has different theme.

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Pakistani music features many diverse elements that include elements from other parts of South Asia in addition to Central Asian folk music, Persian music, Turkish music, Arabic music and even some recent influence from American music. With so many influences, Pakistani music has become a fusion of many sounds that results in a distinct Pakistani sound.

When it comes to Hindi songs you typically think of snake charmers with simple musical instruments that play simple musical tones. However, Pakistani music is drastically different than this common image. Throughout the past decade, Pakistani music has dramatically changed and is now focused on Pakistani pop songs. Many Pakistani singers have been seen in the movies singing Bollywood songs.

Pakistan has some of the biggest names in music today. Back during the sixties Noor Jehan was considered one of the biggest icons in Pakistani music. Then there was Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan who was considered to be responsible for the survival of Pakistani music. He is responsible for bringing Pakistani music to the attention of the world. He was the first Pakistani singer to reach an international market and made Pakistani music popular throughout the world. Even today people throughout the world continue to discuss his music.

As Pakistani pop songs became popular more icons came. Two pop era singers that gained popularity include Junaid Jamshed and Ali Azmat. As these two singers entered the Pakistani music scene the style of music evolved greatly. Today, mp3 songs have made it possible to get Pakistani music from the internet. This has helped to spread Pakistani music throughout the world more than ever before.

Today Pakistani music has six distinct types. The first is classical Pakistani songs. This form of music has almost disappeared but still influences some of the modern singers. Then there is semi classical or ghazals. Ghazals are a form of music in which a poem is sung. Ghazals are a very beautiful form of music that you can’t experience in English songs. Third is folk music, each of the four provinces in Pakistan has their own unique music sound. A fourth, dynamic music genre is the qawwali/devotional which has been made popular by artists such as the Sabri Brothers, Aziz Mian and Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan. Fifth are Bollywood songs or film music. This is music that you typically see in films or on television. Lastly are Pakistani pop songs which became popular along with the privatization of Pakistani television.

Pakistani pop songs have exploded onto the world scene in recent years and have become much more popular than English songs in some movies. One example of Bollywood songs making it into the western film audience is the song by Najane Kyun which was the featured single on the soundtrack for Spiderman 2. This album made Indian pop songs successful throughout the world and won three awards. It is artists and music like this that is bringing Indian pop songs to the attention of people throughout the world who never used to focus on Pakistani music before.

Many mp3 songs now focus on a Pakistani influence. Three popular international singers today from Pakistan include Ali Azmat, Josh and Natasha. In some countries these singers are even doing better than English songs and Hindi songs. And it’s no wonder since Pakistani music is drastically different from Hindi songs. This is why Pakistani music is the most popular form of Indian pop songs today. When you choose to order your next mp3 songs be sure to check out at least one Pakistani song, you will be quite impressed.

In the 21st century, Pakistani pop music is continuing to increase in popularity, more than other genre singers. The music industry in Pakistan is still dominated by Pakistani pop music and this popularity is spilling over into India, Afghanistan, Bangladesh as well as countries in South Asia and Central Asia. The growth of Pakistani pop music has also been helped by Pakistani Britons and Pakistani Americans who are spreading their culture.

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As i said, this article promotes and review my new site on urdu poetry ” urdu.ucoz.com “.

But before that i would like to tell why i have chose to build a site on this topic. Well my language is urdu, and i can see it on the verge of it’s death in my country india, which is actually it’s birth place. Urdu was the govt’s official language in luckhnow some years back, but today there is no one in those government offices who can read and write urdu. And in other parts of the country too urdu is considered to be a lower language, even by the muslims. Hindus think it is the language of muslims, and surely i can see the time coming when muslims will see it as the language of their ancestors. To show it’s inner beauty and sweetness i made this site, i know my site urdu.ucoz.com is a small effort for such a big task, but better and greater than doing nothing.

Review of urdu.ucoz.com

As i said it is new site, but gives a good stuff for urdu poetry loving poeple.

Currently It has the following sections.

Great poetry:-  in this section you can read the urdu poetry of great legendry poets from olden to present time. This section has every kind of urdu poetry, like sad urdu poetry, funny urdu poetry, romantic urdu poetry since we have included the poetry of various different poets of different tastes. This section is the core section of urdu ghazals to read online on our site. here you can read urdu ghazals just not in urdu but english also. Since urdu ghazals has it’s impact on bollywood too, we will include the urdu ghazals of bollywood movies too. So the poeple who loves the urdu ghazals, sad urdu ghazals, love urdu ghazals may go to this section. bareed’s poetry:- In this section you can read my urdu poetry, my urdu ghazals, sad urdu ghazals. Downloads:- In this section you can free download urdu poetry books. This section contains various books urdu poetry like urdu ghazals books, urdu hamd naats books, urdu rubaayi books, urdu marsiya books, urdu nohe books etc. And we will update this section regularly with more urdu books to download. So go to downloads section to free download urdu poetry books, to download the urdu poetry books on urdu hamd, urdu naats, urdu ghazals, urdu marsiya, urdu nohe, urdu rubaayi etc. urdu forum:- In this section you can read urdu poetry of different categories, it is not similar to the great poetry section, where only the publisher can post the poetry, but here in urdu forum section you too can post your urdu poetry and urdu stories for free. Here you can read urdu hamds, urdu hamds of various ulemas as well as the urdu hamds of famous urdu poets. you too can post your or other poets hamd in this category for free. Read urdu naats in both urdu and english, the urdu naats of various ulemas as well as the urdu naats of famous urdu poets. you too can post your urdu naats or other poets urdu naats for free. you can read sad urdu poetry, love urdu poetry, short urdu stories and submit yours as urdu hamd, urdu naats. So go to this section to read urdu hamd, urdu naats, urdu hamd naats, sad urdu poetry, love urdu poetry and to post the same on the web. wallpapers:- you can download and upload your photos in this section.

so click this link to go to urdu.ucoz.com , and let see yourself urdu is as sweet as honey.

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The decision to purchase your medical imaging equipment involved a substantial investment of time, planning and money, but that equipment quickly became the lifeblood of your operation. Once the initial warranty is up, you face an equally difficult decision: who will service that equipment?

The cost of choosing the OEM to offer service coverage is beyond the budget of many facilities and they turn to independent service companies for information. The lesson quickly learned is that NOT ALL SERVICE COMPANIES ARE CREATED EQUAL. The question for many medical professionals, then, is how to identify the right service company.

To start with, I suggest that you ask a lot of questions of any service company that you contact. Not all companies are suited to your needs, and I would like to give you a list of tried-and-true screening tools for evaluating a potential service provider.

Top 10 criteria for choosing a Service Company:

1. Qualified Service Personnel: The heart of the service company is its knowledge and experience. You want to choose a company that employs its own qualified personnel to service your equipment. Avoid working with companies that primarily subcontracts your system repairs to others. Qualified service companies should be able to provide you with complete service reports for your records.

2. Qualified pool of replacement parts on hand and expedited part delivery: Companies that are short on inventory will waste your precious scanning time sourcing parts to cover their service obligation, or by trying to repair components on-site instead of installing good ones. At a minimum, parts should be delivered to your site by the next AM via courier. Parts repair should be done in a qualified facility off site.

3. Original Test Equipment and tools: Your systems will need calibration by trained personnel using qualified test equipment. The right test equipment can cost hundreds of thousands of dollars. Beware if the service provider is trying to cut-corners by using some non-qualified test equipment to work on your expensive system. Ask if a service company has qualified test equipment.

4. Availability of live response to your service needs: When you need to talk to a knowledgeable person about your system you should have access to that person within minutes. Voice mail and answering machines are NOT acceptable in the Customer Service world. Always insist that you can dial one number and get a live person that will connect you with the right person to answer your questions.

5. On-time service delivery: Systems will go down and you will need specific answers about repair times and work schedule. Once you place a request for service you should have answers about the engineer’s time of arrival, number of hours needed for troubleshooting, schedule for parts arrival (if any) and your system’s uptime.

6. Up-time guarantees: Locking a service company to a service contract will eliminate your risk in case of any component failure; you should also make sure your service company will commit to an uptime guarantee. This will give you peace of mind that your service company is sparing no effort m maintaining your system’s reliability, while expediting repair time.

7. Availability of telephone and on-site technical support: A qualified service company will always employ qualified technical support level engineers to help fix problems over the telephone. It is to your advantage that the technical specialist receives accurate information about the problem and service issues. Telephone support may help bring your system up faster so can scan more patients.

8. Reasonable prices and no hidden charges: Service costs should be clear and understood upfront. No hidden charges should be imposed on your service bill.

9. Liability Insurance: always ask for a certificate of liability insurance to be provided by the service company in your name. This certificate should shift the responsibility from you to the service provider in the event of injury of any service personnel while on your site.

10. Request References: Ask the service company to provide you a list of customers that will attest to the provider’s service delivery and integrity.

As a side note, it makes a difference when you deal with a service sales individual who has an actual MRI and CT service background. He/She will have a better understanding of your issues and will be able to answer questions regarding the service delivery of the company and stand behind all promises made to maximize your systems’ uptime.

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FUN AND ENTERTAINMENT

ENTERTAINING THE PEOPLE THROUGH DIFFERENT MOVIES

After a long work we want to take rest and relax our self and make free from every thing. I found one of the best things is

Fun and Entertainment the name behind is to entertain us by movies in which different Film star & Playback Singer, Brand Management, Corporate Shows, Website Design & Development, Event Management, Celebrity Management, Product Launches, Fashion Show, Orchestra, Ghazals, Media Services, Foreign Artist, Internet Marketing,etc.national and international film movies entertain the people and to satisfy them.

MUSIC PLAYS A KEY ROLE IN OUR DAILY LIFE

Music is one of the most beautiful things that we can feel through our hearts. Music is played by different instrument such as piano, guitar etc.the instruments played by the different people make us to entertain and feel relax from your daily works. Music played by different Playback Singer entertains you and feel that we are in other world for some time.

DIFFERENT MUSIC ENTERTAINED TO THE PEOPLE THROUGH ONLINE

Music may be either classical or pop music .depending on the people choice the music is entertained to you at your door step through online. And now certain free discount coupons available to you through online.

Fun and Entertainment the name behind is to entertain us by movies in which different Film star & Playback Singer, Brand Management, Corporate Shows, Website Design & Development, Event Management, Celebrity Management, Product Launches, Fashion Show, Orchestra, Ghazals, Media Services, Foreign Artist, Internet Marketing,etc.national and international film movies entertain the people and to satisfy them.

I found one of the best sources to make people free from their work and relax them by entertaining them. One of the best site I had visited is deals365.us

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Mumbai, The Ninth Annual Legends of India Sangeet Festival shall present the nostalgic “Chithi Aayee Hai” velvet voiced Pankaj Udhas. The Ghazal singer almost considered to be in oblivion from the music world for his extraordinary contribution towards philanthropic attributes to Cancer Patients Aid society, parents Thalassemia Unit, Spastic Society of India and MIND. Pankaj Udhas shall once again present his mesmerizing ghazals for the Mumbai music lovers.

Joining him well is the master of Odissi and Bharatnatyam, two of the oldest and the richest dance styles in India, Sona Mansingh. Honored with Padma Vibhushan, the second highest civilian honour, Sonal will be seen on the Mumbai stage after a long interval. Sonal Mansingh has choreographed many dances based on Indian mythology as well as contemporary issues the most recent one was her choreography and performance of “NAVA DURGA” on the occasion of ‘Mahalaya’ in Kolkata conceptualized by Legends of India.

Come and live the legendary performances and witness another landmark in our illustrious creative history.Legends of India was conceived in 1999, in an attempt to nurture Indian art forms, promote India’s cultural heritage and its rich traditions of Music, Fine Arts and Theatre and create awareness among the GENEXT. Legends of India aims to create an Institution of Culture with an auditorium, library for mutual exchange programs in India and abroad, impart the knowledge of rich Indian art forms and provide educational amenities implementing Guru Shishya Parampara.

LOI from its inception has groomed and nurtured young talent and provided them a platform to display their skills and arts. At the same time the ‘Legends of India Lifetime Achievement Award’ was introduced in order to honor an accomplished artist for his unrelenting effort in promoting traditional art forms be it Sangeet, Theatre and Fine Arts.

Since 1999, LOI has presented doyens of Classical music Pt. Jasraj, Pt. Bhimsen Joshi, Dr. Kishori Amonkar, Pt. Hariprasad Chaurasia, Shiv Kumar Sharma, Girija Devi, Pt. Ajoy Chakraborty, Rajan and Sajan Mishra, Parween Sultana, Ghulam Ali, Hariharan, Farida Khanum, Louis Banks, and Sivamani among others.

The Legends of India Festivals have become part of the cultural calendar of Delhi and Mumbai. Artists and music lovers equally look forward to these prestigious festivals. Today, this festival has taken on a National Stature. The Kolkata Festival in April 2007 Kolkata is yet another milestone adding to the calendar of Legends of India.

Legends of India presents Padma Vibhushan Sonal Mansingh and Ghazal Maestro Pankaj Udhas on Friday November 02, 2007, 6: 30 pm at Nehru Centre Auditorium, Worli, Mumbai.

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At first glance the sheer size of the building makes one wonder how such a huge building found the space in the ever congested Begumpet area. The Katriya De Royal is the second offering from the Katriya group of hotels and is a budget boutique hotel for the traveller. For a Three Star Hotel the Katriya De Royal at Balayogi Paryatak Bhavan at Begumpet is a colossal structure and is one of the largest hotels in Hyderabad in terms of the size. The driveway is very spacious and one can spot a couple of Aero-Express buses there at all times given that it is one of the destinations from the Airport. Half the structure is owned by the Katriya and the other half by the Andhra Pradesh Tourism Development Corporation. This also means that it is quite convenient to enquire and book city tours from here as the Green Lands guest house is just opposite.

This is a very convenient place for the visitors who have taken a flight to the city for business and need to stay in a centrally located place. Located amongst the crazy hustle of the Begumpet main road this hotel has been very intelligently insulated from the deafening traffic outside. This might not seem important but after spending an hour in the traffic the calm has to be one of the best assets of this place. Added to that is the luxurious and spacious setting the hotel provides for the ideal amount of relaxation for hectic lifestyles.

Café De Royal: The lobby in stark contrast to the rest of the hotel is not very well lit, which is surprising as a visit to the coffee shop on the third floor is in the atrium which is excellently set up to give the diner a beautiful view of the lovely lawn and pool outside. A lawn and pool on the third floor, this is a good indicator of the size of the hotel. The hotel has a Coffee Shop named Café De Royal, which has a fantastic view and a very welcoming atmosphere. There are the lunch and dinner buffets along with the a la carte menu and on Sundays there is the special brunch with the option of a pint of beer. Though the restaurant is multi-cuisine its specialty is the continental fare that is served here, the club sandwiches and eggs are the special treats. The buffet spread is quite expansive and has the diner spoilt for choice. Not to forget the delectable desserts on offer as they would tempt even the most stringent dieter.

Royal Court: A walk through the coffee shop leads to the right of the atrium to a corridor with glass flooring and a row of fountains. This corridor leads to their specialty Indian restaurant Royal Court. This restaurant is for the classy Ghazal filled evenings, there is live entertainment in the form of a Ghazal singer for dinner at the restaurant. As the entertainment is for the guest requests are most welcome and entertained. The fare served is mostly Mughlai and North Indian with a dash of South Indian cuisine thrown in to the eclectic mix of Indian food. This is an ideal place to have a small get together for family or friends as in the restaurant there are two rooms which may be booked separately and have exclusive service on stand-by which gives the feeling of having your own private place in the restaurant. For the connoisseurs of Biryani there is the Biryani and Kebabs buffet served here with the choicest of kebabs from Sheik to Shikhampur and a very interesting range of Biryanis from Awadhi to Malabari. The specialty though has to be the Hyderbadi Biryani for which there is a special chef at the helm of affairs. There is an appealing discount of 25% off the bill for all a la carte orders at the restaurant for those not interested in the Kebabs and Biryanis on offer.

Whiskey Joes: Right beside the Royal Court lays the lounge bar Whiskey Joes which has a ship cabin entrance to the bar. The bar has a very sailor and ship type feel to it with a mirror in between the roof to simulate the deck of a luxury ship. The bar has extremely luxurious sofas that make it very inviting for a drink. This is an ideal place to relax after a hard days work. The atmosphere is very calm and soothing with light music playing in the background and minimal amount of noise. The view on offer is that of the lovely swimming pool and well lit lawns. By night it also offers a decent view of the city lit up. The bar offers a 50% discount on all house liquor brands with a promise of great service.

The Katriya group has built itself a good reputation for quality and excellence through the Katriya Towers at Somajiguda and this new venture has begun with a lot of promise and might just be a hit compared to the other budget offerings around the city.

ProVFX Visual Effects and Editing School has been written by Pranay Rupani who is a Channel 6 Magazine

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Pakistan has a rich and diverse cultural heritage. Pakistanis celebrate their culture through folk music, dance, and festivals. They have a strong appreciation for poetic expression and storytelling. The history of the country comes to life in the splendid architectural detail of centuries-old mosques and forts. After it became part of the expansive Mughal Empire in 1526, the region that is now Pakistan entered a golden age of literature, architecture, and music.

A Literature

Most Pakistanis adore poetry and commonly memorize long poems. A mushaira (poetry reading) in Pakistan can attract hundreds of listeners. Among classical poets in the Urdu language, Mirza Ghalib is perhaps the most widely admired. Ghalib, who wrote in the 19th century, is known for his lyrical and spiritual ghazals. Ghazals are the most popular form of poetry in the Urdu and Persian languages.

The official national poet of Pakistan is Allama (”the Wise”) Muhammad Iqbal. He earned the title of poet-philosopher of Pakistan not only because he was an exceptionally talented poet, but also because he was active in the politics of his time. In 1930 he called for the creation of a separate Muslim state in northwestern British India. He wrote poetry in Urdu and Persian and gave university lectures in English.

Faiz Ahmed Faiz is perhaps the most adored modern poet in Pakistan. Faiz began writing poetry in the 1950s after a distinguished journalism career. His ghazals are primarily concerned with class struggle, rather than the conventional themes of love and beauty. A progressive writer, Faiz was also a political dissident, and military governments banned his poetry from television and radio. Ahmad Fraz, Muneer Niazi, and Parveen Shakir are some of the other popular Urdu-language poets of Pakistan.

Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai, a Sufi mystic who in the first half of the 18th century wrote about love and Sindhi life, is the most revered poet of the Sindhi language. His poetry is widely recited by illiterate and educated Sindhis alike. Khushal Khan Khattak is the most famous poet of the Pashto language. In the 17th century he wrote poetry describing the beauty of women and nature, using military metaphors. The most well-known poet of the Punjabi language is Bulleh Shah, of the 17th century, whose poetry challenged the religious orthodoxy. In recent years short stories and travelogues have gained literary prominence, in addition to poetry.

B Music and Film

Traditional Vocal Music of Pakistan Pakistani music and culture bear the influence of past invaders: Greeks, Arabs, Mongols, and Afghans. Until the division of India, the music of Pakistan was a part of the Indian musical culture. As a result, the instrumentation is strongly Indian, but rhythms, scales, song repertoire, and technique represent a unique synthesis of these diverse musical cultures. This is an example of a Dholak Geet, a type of folk song sung by groups of women or girls that celebrates village life in the Pakistani state of Punjab.”Dholak Geet” de Folk Music of Pakistan (Cat.# Folkways FE 4425) (p)1951 Smithsonian/Folkways Recordings. All rights reserved.

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The classical music tradition in Pakistan traces its roots to the 13th-century poet and musician Amir Khusru, who composed the earliest ragas, the traditional rhythmic form. To play the ragas, Muslim musicians invented the sitar, a long guitar-like stringed instrument, and the tabla, a small pair of hand drums.

Qawwali, a form of devotional song, arose as part of the Sufi (Islamic religious sect) tradition. This rich vocal tradition is based on melodic and free-rhythmic song-poems and classical musical forms. It is traditionally performed at the shrines of Sufi saints, but today qawwali singers also perform for major secular events. Qawwali singer Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan won international popularity in the late 20th century by infusing qawwali performances with new form and style. Other traditional musical forms—including the Punjabi bhangra, the Sindhi juhumar, and the Pashtun khattack—have also acquired new forms and continue to be popular for dancing. Punjabi, Pashto, and Sindhi folk songs are popular in rural Pakistan. Modern Pakistani musical groups and singers have introduced new forms of pop music based on traditional melodies.

Qawwali Singer Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan Qawwali is a form of Sufi devotional music drawing on melodic and free-rhythmic song-poems and classical musical forms. Traditionally performed at the shrines of Sufi saints, qawwali is now also heard at major secular events. In the late 20th century the qawwali recordings of singer Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan gained international popularity.”Hamd” from Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan: En Concert a Paris Vol. 1 (Cat.# Ocora C 558658) (p)1988 Ocora/Radio France. All rights reserved.

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Most Pakistanis prefer and enjoy songs from Pakistani and Indian movies. These songs are commonly played on radio and television. A synthesis of musical scores from movies, traditional folk music, and popular Western music is gaining popularity.

The film industry of Pakistan, known as Lollywood, is concentrated in Lahore. Most Pakistani movies are long, melodramatic love stories with plenty of songs. The film industry is often regulated and censored by the government. Films must follow the conventions of Islamic law, and the showing of physical contact such as kissing is prohibited. In the mid-1970s the industry produced about 150 movies a year, but since then the number has declined. In the 1980s the market for Pakistani films shrunk as a result of restrictions imposed by the military regime of Muhammad Zia ul-Haq and the availability of smuggled videotapes of Indian and Western movies.

Television became a major cultural influence in Pakistan in the 1980s, when the state-controlled network, Pakistan Television, attained national reach. It aired both Pakistani and American shows. In recent years satellite and cable television services have significantly increased access to international networks offering many different cultural and political perspectives.

C Architecture

Tomb of Emperor Jahangir, Lahore Built by Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in the 17th century, the tomb of the Emperor Jahangir is intricately decorated with a variety of patterns and colors. Seen here is the outer wall and one of the four minarets that surround the garden in which the emperor’s tomb is located.Christine Osborne Pictures

 

Pakistan has inherited a combination of Mughal and British colonial architectural forms. Mughal architects combined the Muslim preferences for large domes, slender towers, and archways with the Hindu use of red sandstone, white marble, and inlaid jewels. Mughal artists decorated the monuments with verses from the Quran, the sacred text of Islam. The best example of this architecture is the Badshahi Mosque and Lahore Fort (built between the 1580s and 1670s). The courtyard of the mosque can accommodate 100,000 worshipers, making it the second largest mosque in the world. Pakistan also has the world’s largest mosque, the Faisal Mosque in Isl

Quranic calligraphy and miniature painting have a strong tradition in Pakistan dating to Mughal rule. The most celebrated miniature and mural paintings and calligraphic works were created in the 20th century by Abdul Rehman Chughtai and Sadequain. These Mughal traditions are also visible on colorfully painted and decorated trucks and buses that ply the country.

D Libraries and Museums

Kar?chi is the seat of some of the most important libraries in Pakistan; these include the Liaquat Memorial Library (1950), the Central Secretariat Library (1950), and the University of Kar?chi library. Also of note are the National Archives of Pakistan, in Isl?m?b?d, and the Punjab Public Library (1884), in Lahore.

The National Museum of Pakistan (1950), in Kar?chi, is noted for its archaeological material from the Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa sites in the Indus Valley. Important materials from this ancient civilization are also found at the Institute of Sindhology, in J?m Shoro, and the Hyder?b?d Museum. The Lahore Museum (1864), the country’s largest museum, and the Pesh?war Museum (1906) also have exhibits on the rich cultural history of the region. The Industrial and Commercial Museum, in Lahore, contains exhibits on the manufactures of Pakistan. The National Museum of Science and Technology is a participatory science center in Lahore.

?m?b?d, a gift from Saudi Arabia that was constructed in the 1980s. It was designed by a Turkish architect to look like an Arab desert tent. Other examples of Mughal architecture include Shalimar Gardens (laid out in 1641), in Lahore; the Shah Jahan Mosque (17th century), in Thatta, Sind Province; and the mid-18th-century tomb of the great Sindhi poet Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai, in Bhit Sh?h, near Hyder?b?d.

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Every poem of Urdu poetry is unique and unequalled, but as all genres of literature Urdu poetry also has it scruples and principles and every Urdu poem has basic ingredients which are essential.  So, let’s find out what these ingredients and principles are.

The form of each Urdu poem is called ghazal. Ghazal is a collection of many couplets, called ashaar. Each couplet called sher expresses certain though which is different from thought in other couplet. Each Urdu poem also contains the following components: bahar, radeef, matla, maqta, and qafiya. Here are meanings of above mentioned terms:

Bahar – is a meter or length of the couplet. Each line of the couplet must have the same bahar. There are 19 types of bahar and they can be short, medium or long ones.

Radeef – is a word or phrase which is repeated in the end of second line of each couplet. Redeef must be the same all the time within the poem.

Malta – is referred to the first couplet of ghazal.

Maqta – usuaaly Urdu poets wrote their works using definite pen-name which is called Takhallus. They included this Takhallus in the last couplet of the poem; it was something like a signature. So, the last couplet with Takhallus is called maqta.

Qafiya – is a rhyming patters used before radeef in the end of every couplet.

 In modem Urdu poems the usage of all rules is not so strict and some departures are possible. But it is necessary to remember the main rules – every couplet has different theme, every couplet should have the same bahar, every couplet has radeef, malta but may not have maqta.

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Malaysia is the dwelling place of so many ethnic groups. And this diversity is reflected in the arts and crafts. Music, dance, paintings and sculpture are the mirror of the society. The arts and crafts signify what Malaysia is all about. You have a good look at them and they will tell you a lot about the country.

Music

So many influences make the music of Malaysia distinct. Influence of Indonesia, Thailand, Portugal and China is obvious. Popular music varies from region to region. Ghazals are popular in almost whole of Malaysia where as folk music is more popular in Malacca. Zapin music is another music which is popular throughout the region.

Heritage in Museums

Malaysia has rich heritage and artefacts related to the past have found place in museums. There are various museums in Malaysia where you can witness the glorious past.

The National Museum, located outside Perdana Lake Gardens in Malaysia, gives one glimpses of the country’s rich art and culture. When you visit the museum, you can see exhibits of the local culture and tradition, currency and the economic activities of the place. There are various galleries in the museum and each gallery has its own theme.

The Islamic Arts Museum is Southeast’s Asia’s largest Museum of Islamic art. The Museum is located in Jalan Lembah Perdana in Malaysia. Islamic art from Persia, Middle East, Asia, China and the Malay World can be seen in the Islamic Arts Museum. Another highlight of the museum is its building, which gives an Islamic feeling by its details and not by its structure.

Philharmonic Hall

Classical music can be best enjoyed in the Philharmonic Hall which is located at the Petronas Twin Towers. The hall has modern sitting arrangements, and is the home to the Malaysian Philharmonic Orchestra. Programs are conducted both by local and international artists. It’s an ideal place for spending some leisure time.

National Art Gallery

National Art Gallery is located in Jalan Temerloh and you can see the various exhibitions here which reflect the art and crafts of Malaysia. The art gallery has various amenities such as sculpture gardens, graphics studio, library, book shop, cafe etc.

Famous Crafts

Major arts of the country are Batik, Songket, Woodcarving, Menkuang, Kite Making, Keris, Boat Making and Ratan Weaving. Batik are colored designs on cotton or silk, produced by using wax on the uncolored part of the textiles. Songket is a form of craft which is generally used during special occasions. It is said to have descended from the Pattani courts. Known as cloth of gold, it is created by weaving threads with gold and silver strands.

Woodcarving is the oldest traditional crafts which is applied in the designs of pilars, window shutters, doors, shutters and furniture of houses and palaces. Menkuang has become a full fledged cottage industry in Malaysia. Tall thorny leaves are used to make colorful mats, hats, fans, purses etc. Other popular crafts of the country are kite making, boat making, keris and rattan weaving.

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Everybody wants to get involved in personal branding.  I’m sure, each one of us dreams to be the centre of attraction of our industry. The trend is in brand.

Yes, Personal Branding has amazing power that can turn impossible into possible. It is a great way to gain exposure and popularity. But personal branding is much more than name and fame.

So what exactly branding is and how it can benefit you? It is to understand your own skills and passion. It welcomes opportunity to work with renowned personalities and be a name among them. It develops confidence, makes you more proficient.

Let’s take a quick look on what branding can do:

You can build emotional and intellectual bond with your prospects. It increases your recognition in your industry/ niche. Assurance to deliver quality and satisfaction to your customers. Distinct yourself from your competitors. You got to learn, improve, and shape up your skills. Your message is clearly conveyed to the world.

Branding can connect you with your prospects; it gives a reason for trusting you. When you brand yourself, many eager people can get their answer to the questions like:

Who are you? What are your skills? Why to connect with you? How do you help others? How can they reach you?

Branding is the backbone of any industry. Personal branding brings out ‘your unique you’. It has the capability to let your prospects recognize you and believe that only you have the solution to their problems.

To know more about what is branding & what it can do for your business including 12 reasons as to why you should get into branding through different ways like how to build your brand through you blog, please visit: http://www.SEOBloggingSolutions.com/free-report.htm and discover how to lock in on-going profits for your business by downloading her report free of cost.

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Hasan A. Yahya, Ph.D

 Are you familiar with the meaning of names in the Arabic and Muslim cultures? If you are not  here are some knowledge for you!. This article gives you some important information about naming in the Arab cultures in which also including Islamic names. There is no Arabic name without a meaning, something impressive. I mean it’s really great to have a meaning for your name, something that is related to a special even your parents went through, or something precious to the one who called you. Having a meaning to your name adds a special touch and relates you to your being in a nice way. I find it a lot better than having a name without meaning. Old Arab names usually are two types of names: one type for boys and the other for girls. For boys names should carry some sacred names or animal names to show power and dignity like Asad (Lion), Fahd or Nimr (Tiger), Laith or  Osamah, or Ghadanfer (son a lion), or some words reflect power as Saif (sword), shuja’ (brave), for girls some of the birds and small animals are good names such as Khansa’, Ghazal (dear), Asfurah (bird), or flower. like Warda, Yasmine, Zahra or Fulla; they could mean a good smell of flower, e.g. Areej or Abeer. There are names that mean the singing of birds, like Taghreed, or the voices of Pigeons like Hadeel. You find names that mean the name of a sword, e.g. Saif, Mohannad or Hosam; or ones that are the synonyms of one of the names a lion is called with (since in Arabic you can find more than one word to address one thing with the same meaning), for example: Laith, or Dorgham.  Jameel: beautiful, Latif:Nice,  lulu’ah is an Arabic name means a pearl, Masa:diamond, and Dana:pearl  or a planet, like Qamar, Shams or Kawkab,; or even a star like Najma for her and Najm for him. There are names that mean a high level like Sana’a or Ola. You can find names that express a certain feeling such as Sahar, Gharam or Hayam. There are ones that show appreciation like Shokran, Rida or Irfan, ambition like Monia, Amani, Ahlam and many other beautiful characteristics like Jamil,  Jamal, Lutfi, Karam, Jude or Baha’a. Some name express the light of stars, moon, and shining like Nour, or  Diya’a for light, or Najm ( star or  Qamar (Moon)., , or Najm (satar) or Naiem (Paradise). 

Other than that there are people who are named after prophets’ names such as Mohammad, Taha, Mustafa, which means the praised,  or the selected, Ahmad: means I thank God for. Other names carry names of other Prophets such as:  Isa (Jesus), Musa (Moses), Dawod (David) and Yahya (John the Baptist). Yunus (Jonah), Ibrahim (Abraham, Zakariyya (Zachery) or Jibreel (Gabriel) .  Other names may describe the names of countries like Falasteen (Palestine) or Sorya (Syria), and there are the names of continents like Asia. Some names are actually the names of months, such as Ramadan, Sha’aban or Rajab. Or even names of days like Khamees or Joma’a. One other interesting thing about names in Arabic is the fact that there are 99 names for God. Each name has its own meaning that expresses a certain characteristic of God. Like Al Salam (peace), Al Rahman and Al Raheem (merciful), Al Mu’oti ( he who gives), Al Muhyi (he who gives life), Al Kareem (the generous), Al Mu’een (he who helps), Al Nour (the light) all these names are some of the beautiful ninety nine  names of God in Islam.

By the way, there are names found like Kareem, Mu’een or Nour, that are without the “Al” which equals “the” in English, only few names can be used as names for people without using the “Al”, for the “Al” is only used for addressing names of God. Some names are considered old, some are somehow modern, but it’s sad to see a lot of Arabs start to give up their great meaningful names and use ones that come from other cultures and other languages, believing it would be cooler that way. My name for example is Hasan and Hussein   which means nice (The names of Ali’s sons). It’s used a lot, not a unique name, but I’m still proud of it .(The topic is a very interesting one, it needs more research and investigation) (775 words) www.hasanyahya.com

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Urdu poetry adheres to a number of strict rules that give way to its unique poetic structure. These rules govern the groups of versed lines that are used in every Urdu poem and dictate their meter, rhythm, rhyming pattern, ending words, and the location of the poet’s signature. Despite these strict rules, Urdu poetry has evolved into an incredibly colourful art that manifests itself in a myriad of different forms.

Each of the forms of Urdu poetry has unique characteristics that differentiate them from all the others. Although we won’t be able to cover every single form in this article, we will take a look at some of the more popular ones:

Ghazal. The Ghazal is a collection of many couplets (called “shers”), or pairs of lined verse that follow the rules of bahar, radeef, matla, maqta, and qafiya. Every couplet in a Ghazal should express a single thought or focus on a certain theme in such a way that it has the ability to stand alone. Each couplet in a Ghazal must have the same meter, bahar, the same rhyming pattern, qafiya, and must end in the same words, radeef. Each couplet must also have an opening couplet called a matla. Some Ghazals in Urdu poetry have the pen name of the poet incorporated into the last couplet, which is then called maqta.

Marsiya. A Marsiya is an elegantly written poem whose purpose is to express sorrow over the death of a great man or a deeply-loved person. From a historical perspective, the traditional Marsiya of Urdu poetry was composed to honour the self-sacrifice of Hazrat Imam Husain and his troops at the Battle of Karbala. This type of Marsiya describes how Hazrat Imam Husain and his comrades fought Yazid’s army on Karbala’s plains.

Masnawi. A Masnawi is a long, narrative epic poem that depicts stories of great battles that were fought in the past. They usually include a philosophical or ethical thought. A Masnawi is much longer than a Ghazal and it contains rhyming couplets. However, each of the couplets have a different rhyming pattern and end in different words.

Qasida. A Qasida is very long ballad that is written to praise a king or a nobleman. It sometimes also describes great battles. It is not unusual to find a Qasida that is more than 100 couplets long. Like the Ghazal, the Qasida starts with a rhyming couplet and uses the same qafiya, or rhyming pattern, throughout the poem. The Ghazal as we know it today was originally derived from the Qasida.

Nazm. In Urdu poetry, the word “Nazm” is used to describe a poem that cannot be classified under any particular form. From a literary perspective, each verse in the Nazm is built upon one central theme, as opposed to the theme variation of the couplets in a Ghazal. The verses of a traditional Nazm adhere to the same rhyming pattern, but more modern Nazms may be written in free verse.

As you can see from this short description of some of the different forms of Urdu poetry, the subject is a very intricate and wide-ranging one. It normally takes a dedicated student years and years to master the art of Urdu poetry. But that knowledge shouldn’t stop you from reading and enjoying the fantastic poems of this very special form of art.

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A poem is collection of words that expresses a true feeling or emotion in a creative way. Great poetry evokes, inspires, and is lucid in delivery. When a poem inspires the readers, the poet’s purpose has been fulfilled. In fact Coleridge, a famous English poet once said that poetry is “the best words in their best order”. Hence, poems should appeal to the aesthetic sense of the readers. Over the ages, the world has witnessed some very famous poets who have richly contributed to the evolution of poetry as a unique school of study. Be it Shakespeare and Wordsworth or Frost and Whitman, their unforgettable poems have touched the hearts of poetry lovers the world over.

Poems can be classified into several different genres, including narrative, epic, dramatic, satirical, lyric, and prose poetry. Different forms of poetry have been developed over the ages, such as sonnet, ode, ghazal, sijo, and haiku. .

Aspiring poets generally seek inspiration from varied sources. Right from the childhood, most of the individuals would have had poetry exposure in schools and colleges. So, poetry writing need not be restricted towards literature students. All you need is a strong inspiration, with which your thoughts are sure to flow freely on a paper. When you start writing poems, just let your imagination run wild and do not restrict yourself to a particular style of poetry. Write what comes to your mind, and as you write, you are sure to develop your skills. .

Many young and aspiring poets become unnoticed, as they don’t have a good platform to exhibit their talents. So, do you also belong to the elite group of aspiring poets and want to see your name in print? If yes, Tupelo Super Store has a poetry corner exclusively for you to drop your poems. Many poems by aspiring poets have been posted. Tupelo Super Store offers you an excellent opportunity to showcase your talents. Now, you can have your own web space and enjoy the freedom of creative expression completely free of cost. .

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Music has always been an important part of the Indian culture. It has been emerged since the origin of the holy scriptures of Hindus. The Indian music is primarily based on Raag and Taal systems. Raag brings melody and Taal for rhythmic beats. It has divided into several categories, such as classical music, folk or desi music and light music. Indian classical music is categorised into two parts. One is Hindustani, which is dominant in the Northern part of the country. The other is Carnatic music, which belongs to the Southern part of the country. Both are vocal and instrumental. There are different types of songs of each state in India, which is known as a folk or desi music such as Bhangra from Punjab and Lavani from Maharastra. Light music are basically based on devotion where ghazals and patriotic songs are singing.

The most essential aspect of Bollywood industry is the music. The music is running like blood in the nerves of the Bollywood industry. The all Bollywood movies comprises of songs. In the long history of Bollywood movie songs, many songs has achieved great success and are still in the top most list. These songs have touched the heart of Indians. Most of the songs of the Bollywood’s are a complete blend of emotions and rhythm. Some of them are inspired from the folk and classical songs of India.

From many years, the music industries are offering various sources to listen the music of own choices, such as tape recorders, CD player and MP3 player. These systems are also available on your car and phone. There are a large varieties of music players available in the market. They are offering affordable prices of music players. Some of the well-known brands are Sony, Samsung, LG and Videocon. They are providing exceptional sound quality of music systems at a reasonable price. At present, a music system supports AAC, WAV and AIFF formats of files and delivers crystal clear sound quality. They have standard battery which allows the music lovers to stay connected to their music for long hours on a single charge. Today, the size of the music players are very compact. The companies have launched various types of music systems such as Apple iPod and Creative Zen Stone. These music players are stylist and sleek in design.

Nowadays, the Modern people have various options from the present day market to get complete relaxation and entertainment from their daily lives. Music systems are one of the best options to satisfy the human minds as these are one the best options to listen a high quality of music.

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                                                    BY: Dr. GHAZAL SABREEN

                                                                            PHARM: D

SWINE FLUE/ SWINE INFLUENZA

What is swine influenza?

It is the type of influenza that is caused by those strains of influenza virus,(swine influenza virus) that usually infect pigs.

SYNONYMS:

It is also called as: swine flu, hog flu and pig flu.

CAUSATIVE AGENT:

As of 2009 these strains are all found in Influenza C virus and the subtypes of Influenza A virus known as H1N1, H1N2, H3N1, H3N2, and H2N3. Swine influenza is common in pigs in the midwestern United States (and occasionally in other states), Mexico, Canada, South America, Europe (including the United Kingdom, Sweden, and Italy), Kenya, Mainland China, Taiwan, Japan and other parts of eastern Asia.[2]

Of the three genera of influenza viruses that cause human flu, two also cause influenza in pigs, with Influenza virus A being common in pigs and Influenza virus C being rare.[7] Influenza virus B has not been reported in pigs. Within Influenza virus A and Influenza virus C, the strains found in pigs and humans are largely distinct, although due to reassortment there have been transfers of genes among strains crossing swine, avian, and human species boundaries.

 

History

Swine influenza was first proposed to be a disease related to human influenza during the 1918 flu pandemic, when pigs became sick at the same time as humans.The first identification of an influenza virus as a cause of disease in pigs occurred in 1930. For the following 60 years, swine influenza strains were almost exclusively H1N1. Then, between 1997 and 2002, new strains of three different subtypes and five different genotypes emerged as causes of influenza among pigs in North America. In 1997-1998, H3N2 strains emerged. These strains, which include genes derived by reassortment from human, swine and avian viruses, have become a major cause of swine influenza in North America. Reassortment between H1N1 and H3N2 produced H1N2. In 1999 in Canada, a strain of H4N6 crossed the species barrier from birds to pigs, but was contained on a single farm.The H1N1 form of swine flu is one of the descendants of the strain that caused the 1918 flu pandemic.As well as persisting in pigs, the descendants of the 1918 virus have also circulated in humans through the 20th century, contributing to the normal seasonal epidemics of influenza.However, direct transmission from pigs to humans is rare, with only 12 cases in the U.S. since 2005.Nevertheless, the retention of influenza strains in pigs after these strains have disappeared from the human population might make pigs a reservoir where influenza viruses could persist, later emerging to reinfect humans once human immunity to these strains has waned.

Swine flu has been reported numerous times as a zoonosis (The simplest definition of a zoonosis is a disease that can be transmitted from other vertebrate animals to humans. A slightly more technical definition is a disease that normally infects other animals, but can also infect humans). in humans, usually with limited distribution, rarely with a widespread distribution. Outbreaks in swine are common and cause significant economic losses in industry, primarily by causing stunting and extended time to market. For example, this disease costs the British meat industry about £65 million every year.

1918 pandemic in humans

The 1918 flu pandemic in humans was associated with H1N1 and influenza appearing in pigs

After 1918 several outbreaks of swine flue in different years occur but the most current is of 2009

2009 outbreak in humans

The 2009 flu outbreak is due to a new strain of subtype H1N1 not previously reported in pigs.In late April, Margaret Chan, the World Health Organization’s director-general, declared a “public health emergency of international concern” under the rules of the WHO’s new International Health Regulations when the first cases of the H1N1 virus were reported in the United States. The outbreak, on May 2, 2009, it was reported in pigs at a farm in Alberta, Canada, with a link to the outbreak in Mexico. The pigs are suspected to have caught this new strain of virus from a farm worker who recently returned from Mexico, then showed symptoms of an influenza-like illness.These are probable cases, pending confirmation by laboratory testing.

The new strain was initially described as apparent reassortment of at least four strains of influenza A virus subtype H1N1, inluding one strain endemic in humans, one endemic in birds, and two endemic in swine. Subsequent analysis suggested it was a reassortment of just two strains, both found in swine.Although initial reports identified the new strain as swine influenza (ie, a zoonosis originating in swine), its origin is unknown. Several countries took precautionary measures to reduce the chances for a global pandemic of the disease

 

 

HOW IT IS TRANSMITTED:

TRANSMISSION IN HUMAN?

Transmission of swine influenza virus from pigs to humans is not common and does not always cause human influenza, often only resulting in the production of antibodies in the blood. The meat of the animal poses no risk of transmitting the virus when properly cooked. If transmission does cause human influenza, it is called zoonotic swine flu. People who work with pigs, especially people with intense exposures, are at increased risk of catching swine flu. In the mid-20th century, identification of influenza subtypes became possible, this allows accurate diagnosis of transmission to humans. Since then, fifty confirmed transmissions have been recorded, Rarely, these strains of swine flu can pass from human to human.

HOW IT IS TRANSMITTED? (CONTINUE)

TRANSMISSION IN PIGS:

Transmission between pigs

Influenza is quite common in pigs, with about half of breeding pigs having been exposed to the virus in the US  Antibodies to the virus are also common in pigs in other countries. The main route of transmission is through direct contact between infected and uninfected animals. These close contacts are particularly common during animal transport. Intensive farming may also increase the risk of transmission, as the pigs are raised in very close proximity to each other.The direct transfer of the virus probably occurs either by pigs touching noses, or through dried mucus. Airborne transmission through the aerosols produced by pigs coughing or sneezing are also an important means of infection .The virus usually spreads quickly through a herd, infecting all the pigs within just a few days. Transmission may also occur through wild animals, such as wild boar, which can spread the disease between farms.

 

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF SWINE FLUE?

SYMPTOMS IN HUMANS:

In humans, the symptoms of swine flu are similar to those of influenza and of influenza-like illness in general, namely chills, fever- Sudden fever above 38 degrees (100.4 degrees Fahrenheit), aching joints, nasal congestion, general fatiguesore throat, muscle pains, severe headache, coughing, weakness and general discomfort

The 2009 outbreak has shown an increased percentage of patients reporting diarrhea and vomiting.[65] The 2009 H1N1 virus is not zoonotic swine flu, as it is not transmitted from pigs to humans, but from person to person.

 

 

SYMPTOMS IN SWINE:

In pigs influenza infection produces fever, lethargy, sneezing, coughing, difficulty breathing and decreased appetite.In some cases the infection can cause abortion. Although mortality is usually low (around 1-4%),the virus can produce weight loss and poor growth, causing economic loss to farmers. Infected pigs can lose up to 12 pounds of body weight over a 3 to 4 week period

 

IS THERE ANY VACCINES AVALABLE FOR SWINE INFLUENZA????

There are no any vaccine uptil now avalable which contain swine influenza virus causing disease in humans. It is not known too that current seasonal influenza vaccines provide the protection. Influenza viruses change very quikly . It is important to develop vaccine for current circulating virus strain, to provide the people maximum protection.

 

HOW THE SWINE INFLUENZA CAN BE TREATED?

If a person becomes sick with swine flu, antiviral drugs can make the illness milder and make the patient feel better faster. They may also prevent serious flu complications. For treatment, antiviral drugs work best if started soon after getting sick (within 2 days of symptoms). Beside antiviral, palliative care, at home or in hospital, focuses on controlling fevers and maintaining fluid balance. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends the use of Tamiflu (oseltamivir) or Relenza (zanamivir) for the treatment and/or prevention of infection with swine influenza viruses, however, the majority of people infected with the virus make a full recovery without requiring medical attention or antiviral drugs.The virus isolates in the 2009 outbreak have been found resistant to amantadine and rimantadine.

TREATMENT In confirmed cases: Mexican authorities have provided patients with flu drugs Seltamivir or Zanamivir under strict medical supervision, and warn against side effects in misuse.

The Mexican government said that the antiviral drugs would only be administered if infection is confirmed.

 

HOW THE HUMAN CAN BE PREVENTED FROM SWINE INFLUENZA?

Prevention of pig to human transmission

 

 

Swine can be infected by both avian and human influenza strains of influenza, and therefore are hosts where the antigenic shifts can occur that create new influenza strains.

The transmission from swine to human is believed to occur mainly in swine farms where farmers are in close contact with live pigs. Although strains of swine influenza are usually not able to infect humans this may occasionally happen, so farmers and veterinarians are encouraged to use a face mask when dealing with infected animals. The use of vaccines on swine to prevent their infection is a major method of limiting swine to human transmission. Risk factors that may contribute to swine-to-human transmission include smoking and not wearing gloves when working with sick animals.

Prevention of human to human transmission

Influenza spreads between humans through coughing or sneezing and people touching something with the virus on it and then touching their own nose or mouth. Swine flu cannot be spread by pork products, since the virus is not transmitted through food. The swine flu in humans is most contagious during the first five days of the illness although some people, most commonly children, can remain contagious for up to ten days. Diagnosis can be made by sending a specimen, collected during the first five days for analysis.

Recommendations to prevent spread of the virus among humans include using standard infection control against influenza. This includes frequent washing of hands with soap and water or with alcohol-based hand sanitizers, especially after being out in public. Chance of transmission is also reduced by disinfecting household surfaces, which can be done effectively with a diluted chlorine bleach solution

 

HOW THE SWINE INFLUENZA BE DIAGNOSED?

 

DIAGNOSIS: Clinical examination of secretions from the nose and mouth in the first 24-72 hours after presenting symptoms, and a study of blood samples to detect existence of influenza virus.

HOW LONG THE INFECTED PERSON BE THE SOURCE OF INFECTION TO OTHERS?

People with swine influenza virus infection should be considered potentially contagious as long as they are symptomatic and possible for up to 7 days following illness onset. Children, especially younger children, might potentially be contagious for longer periods.

What can I do to protect myself from getting sick?

There is no vaccine available right now to protect against swine flu. There are everyday actions that can help prevent the spread of germs that cause respiratory illnesses like influenza. Take these everyday steps to protect your health:

Cover your nose and mouth with a tissue when you cough or sneeze. Throw the tissue in the trash after you use it. Wash your hands often with soap and water, especially after you cough or sneeze. Alcohol-based hand cleaners are also effective. Try to avoid close contact with sick people. If you get sick with influenza, CDC recommends that you stay home from work or school and limit contact with others to keep from infecting them. Avoid touching your eyes, nose or mouth. Germs spread this way.

FIVE TIPS TO KEEP YPURSELF AWAY FROM SWINE INFLUENZA?

1.Stay home if you’re sick.

2.Avoid close contact with people who are sick

3.Wash your hands often and avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth.

4.Cover your mouth or nose with a tissue when coughing or sneezing

5.Keep up with health information in your own community

TOPICS COVERED:

1       Definition

2       Synonyms

3       Causative agent

4       History

5       Mode of transmission

6       Sign and symtoms

7       Treatment

8       Vaccines

9       How long the person be source of infection

10 Diagnosis

11 Prevention

12 Health Tips

  “Try to cover every thing in the simple language even the non medical student / person can easily understand”

REFERENCE: FROM INTERNET SITESTop of Form