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For any self-respecting nation, patriotism of its citizens is its heart-beat. If it is there, not only is the nation’s continued existence across centuries and millennia guaranteed, but is progressive evolution is also ensured. It if is not there, the nation suffers decline, debility and eventual doom.

India is fondly called ‘Bharati’ by its people. The name harks back to its epic past, whose beginnings have defied determination. Hence, India evokes a sense of timelessness. Of course, India has been changing perpetually ever since its hoary antiquity. It has also suffered such vicissitudes of history as have pushed several other ancient nations and civilizations into extinction. How then has India faced all these internal changes and external assaults, and yet managed to remain alive as a vibrant and ascendant nation in the 21st century? The answer is: Patriotism – the common emotion and self-awareness that unites our people in spite of the unmatched diversity they exhibit.

As an art form that strikes the chords of both emotion and intellect, the power of cinema is unmatched. Naturally, Indian cinema has contributed immensely to the cultivation of this uniting and uplifting feeling of nationalism. Patriotic films, as a special and much-admired genre of Indian cinema, have had a tremendous impact on our people, cutting across religious, regional, linguistic and economic identities. Moreover, they have also proved their unsurpassed power of communicating both to educated and illiterate masses.
For most Indians, cinema is the enduring source of the image of their nation as a vast and diverse land bound by the Himalayas in the north, surrounded by oceans on three sides, girdled by sacred rivers like the Ganga, Yamuna and Godavari, and blessed with captivating natural beauty and rich resources. For them it is also the primary source of knowledge about our national heroes, martyrs, the struggles and sacrifices of our forefathers, the work of our social reformers, the wars of the pre-and-post-Independence era, including the recent and ongoing war against cross-border terrorism, and our achievements as a free and democratic nation.

Thus, few can contest Indian cinema’s, particularly Hindi cinema’s, unmatched contribution to strengthening the bonds of national integration, countering divisive feelings, educating the people about our shared national history and, through all this, re-enforcing in them pride and love for the Motherland.

Ananya Bharati is a documentary that encapsulates the spirit of patriotism that the Hindi film industry has captured on celluloid and nurtured in the hearts of Indians. Produced under the banner of my company, Swayam Infotainment, I thought the most apt beginning to this documentary would be ace musician A.R. Rahman, bowing to the motherland with his rendition of Maa Tujhe Salaam. This forms a part of his album VANDE MATARAM produced by BharatBala Pictures. Ananya Bharati categorises Indian patriotic Indian patriotic films primarily into three categories. The first category comprises films associated with terrorism. The second, features films about martyrs of the freedom struggle and events linked to the partition of the country and the third category has war films that depict the India-Pakistan conflict.

Ananya Bharati also talks about films on nation-building like the recently released Swades. The documentary concludes with an emotional punch in the form of a bouquet of patriotic songs that have captured the national imagination.

Patriotic Films – The Beginning

The Hindi film industry’s adoption of patriotic themes happened at its very inception, when India was engaged in a unique struggle for freedom from the British colonial rule. The first film which boldly ventured in this direction was Sohrab Modi’s Sikandar. This 1941 film carried the message of patriotism indirectly by praising the valour of King Porus in his war against the invader, Alexander the Great. Other films of this era were Bandhan (1940) and Kismet (1943).

When freedom dawned on 15th August 1947, ending 200 years of alien rule, the Indian film industry was there to celebrate this historic transition. The air those days was filled with the hopes and dreams of building a New India, most inspiringly articulated by our first Prime Minister Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru. Bollywood captured this mood in films like Naya Daur (1957) and Hum Hindustani (1960). Anand Math (1952), Jaagriti (1954) and Leader (1964) focused on the freedom struggle and the sacrifices made by its martyrs. Some others like Sikander-E-Azam (1965) and Jis Desh Mein Ganga Beheti Hai (1960), through their songs, talked about the greatness of India. Then there were films that were inspired by the violation of the country’s barriers by its enemies. Three notable films made on the subject were Haqeeqat (1964), Prem Pujari (1970) and Lalkar (1972). Of these, Haqeeqat, which is about the Chinese aggression in 1962, has left a lasting impact.

Some recently made films on the subject:

Also set against the backdrop of the Partition is the 2003 film Pinjar, a cinematic adaptation of Amrita Pritam’s famous novel of the same name, by Dr. Chandraprakash Dwivedi. Incidentally, he had made a highly popular TV serial Chanakya, which chose an Indian hero of ancient times to transmit many contemporary messages. Showing the trauma of partition, the film powerfully conveyed that atrocity does not have any religion and sounded the warning that history must not be allowed to repeat itself.

The great revolutionaries of the freedom movement like Sardar Patel, Udham Singh and Vinayak Damodar Savarkar inspired many film make to make films on them. Veer Savarkar’s inspirational life was the subject of a film – Veer Savarkar by Ved Rahi in 2001.

Any description of the films in this category would be woefully incomplete without reference to Indian cinema’s fascination with the life and martyrdom of Shaheed Bhagat Singh, who kissed the British gallows at the tender age of twenty four. His life story has never failed to inspire the masses. Innumerable songs have been composed about hi, and the youth throughout the country have idolized him. He ahs been a symbol of bravey and nationalism. Manoj Kumar’s SHAHEED (1965), which contained the immortal song Mera rang de basanti chola, was the first of the series. The year 2002 alone saw five films added this series! Two of them featured mega stars in the lead role – Ajay Devgan in The Legend of Bhagat Singh and Bobby Deol in 23rd March 1931 – Shaheed.

ProVFX Visual Effects and Editing School has been written by Pranay Rupani who is a Freelance Writer

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Few months after Patrika challeged the leading Newspaper in Bhopal & Indore and leads over all the other players in the region, it is now stepping a foot forward in another strategically important city Ujjain.

Madhya Pradesh, the only state where monopoly existed in the Hindi belt of newspaper market has witnessed a sea change. The leader’s 50 years old monopoly has been finally demolished. The recently launched newspaper; Patrika, which comes from the Patrika Group has 5 lakh 75 thousand readers in Bhopal and Indore, this puts it neck to neck with the said leading daily, in just six months of launching. The Expansion to Ujjain will certainly add strength to Patrika’s efforts in becoming the overall leading daily in M.P.

Currently,Patrika enjoys a big lead over the rest of the players in Bhopal and Indore; in fact its readership is more than the numbers of both the 3rd and 4th major player in the state put together.

Elated National Head Marketing, Dr. Arvind Kalia states, “ It is truly a great moment for Patrika team. After an amazing launch in Indore & Bhopal , We are entering Ujjain which is yet another important location in M.P with great strategic importance. When we entered MP an year ago, we came with a commitment that we shall always maintain a high level of quality. I thank the readers and advertisers of MP who have shown their faith in the newspaper & given us the confidence to Expand our wings to Ujjain as well.”

It is interesting to compare what Bhaskar has achieved in 50 years, Patrika has achieved in just 6 months putting the leader in a defending position in Bhopal and Indore. Dainik Bhaskar is already witnessing a continuous decline in its readership of Bhopal and Indore editions, since IRS R2 07. From 20.85 lacs readers in R2 07, the readership has declined by 21% to 16.45 lacs, whilst the ad rates were always sky-high, because of which the CPT for the advertisers rocketed from Re.0.60 in R2 07 to Rs. 1.07 in R1 09 an increase of 78%! Now with Patrika entering Ujjain, it is seen as a milestone step in its journey to Provide Quality News & truth to the people of M.P.

Dr. Kalia says, “Bhopal and Indore together contribute to 74% of the total ad spends on the state of MP,Adding Ujjain to our armour will afurther strenghten our Marketing efforts & strategies in M.P. Patrika is already on the way to capture the major share from advertisers in many sectors. To name a few, for the month of May 09 – Patrika has a 100% ad share of educational clients such as Resonance, FIT JEE, Asia Pacific, IT Bench, Gupta tutorials and many others in Indore. In Bhopal also, Patrika has ad share of more than 50% in segments like real estate, lifestyle, automobile and education..

A very confident & elated Deputy Editor of Patrika Group, Mr. Bhuwanesh Jain states “We at Rajasthan Patrika are strongly committed to our reader’s desire in providing quality news & truth under all circumstances. Our entry in Ujjain is yet another milestone in our endeavor to fulfill the above said commitment to our readers. We are now entering Ujjain and we will do our best to enlighten the journalistic values as we have been doing over the past 50 years. We are committed to provide true news from the roots of the land”.

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Indian and British Culture – Comparison in Language, Culture and Society

India is a country of diverse culture. It has 22 official languages and over a thousand spoken languages. This site is an effort to provide information on each known Indian Language.

Individual mother tongues in India number several hundred. According to Census of India of 2001, 29 languages are spoken by more than a million native speakers, 122 by more than 10,000. Two languages have played an important role in the history of India: Persian and English.

Sanskrit and Tamil are the classical languages of India according to the Government.

Article 343 of the Indian Constitution recognizes Hindi in Devanagari script as the official language of central government India. The Constitution also allows for the continuation of use of the English language for official purposes. Article 345 provides constitutional recognition to “official languages” of the union to include any language adopted by a state legislature as the official language of that state. In effect, there are “official languages” at the state and center level but no one “national language”.

Until the Twenty-First Amendment of the Constitution in 1967, the country recognized 14 official regional languages. The Eighth Schedule and the Seventy-First Amendment provided for the inclusion of Sindhi, Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali, thereby increasing the number of official regional languages of India to 18.

The Constitution of India recognizes 22 languages, spoken in different parts the country, namely Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Dogri, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Maithili, Malayalam, Meitei, Marathi, Nepali, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Santhali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu and Urdu.

Hindi is an official language of the states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttaranchal, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Chattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana and the National Capital Territory of Delhi. Marathi is an official language of Maharashtra. Punjabi is a official language of Punjab. Gujarati is the official language of Gujarat. Tamil is a official language of Tamil Nadu, Puducherry and Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Malayalam is the official language of Kerala and Lakshadweep. Kannada is the official language of Karnataka. Telugu is the official language of Andhra Pradesh. English is the co-official language of the Indian Union. 1

Whereas, in UK the widely recognized language is English and English is recognized as officially recognized language is English by the government. The other languages in UK are Welsh, Irish, Ulster Scots, Cornish, Gaelic and British Sign Language.

The details of Languages, Society and Culture can be described as under:

Languages in India

The different states of India have different official languages, some of them not recognized by the central government. Some states have more then one official language. Bihar in east India has three official languages – Hindi, Urdu and Bengali – which are all recognized by the central government. But Sikkim, also in east India, has four official languages of which only Nepali is recognized by the central government. Besides the languages officially recognized by central or state governments, there are other languages which don’t have this recognition and their speakers are running political struggles to get this recognition. Central government decided that Hindi was to be the official language of India and therefore it also has the status of official language in the states. 3

Language in the UK

The United Kingdom does not have a constitutionally defined official language. English is the main language (being spoken monolingually by more than 70% of the UK population) and is thus the de facto official language.

Other native languages to the Isles include Welsh, Irish, Ulster Scots, Cornish, Gaelic and British Sign Language.

Immigrants have naturally brought many foreign languages from across the globe.2

Indian Society & Culture

Hierarchy

The influences of Hinduism and the tradition of the caste system have created a culture that emphasizes established hierarchical relationships. Indians are always conscious of social order and their status relative to other people, be they family, friends, or strangers. All relationships involve hierarchies. In schools, teachers are called gurus and are viewed as the source of all knowledge. The patriarch, usually the father, is considered the leader of the family. The boss is seen as the source of ultimate responsibility in business. Every relationship has a clear- cut hierarchy that must be observed for the social order to be maintained.

The Role of the Family

People typically define themselves by the groups to which they belong rather than by their status as individuals. Someone is deemed to be affiliated to a specific state, region, city, family, career path, religion, etc. This group orientation stems from the close personal ties Indians maintain with their family, including the extended family. The extended family creates a myriad of interrelationships, rules, and structures. Along with these mutual obligations comes a deep-rooted trust among relatives.

Just Can’t Say No

Indians do not like to express ‘no,’ be it verbally or non- verbally. Rather than disappoint you, for example, by saying something isn’t available, Indians will offer you the response that they think you want to hear. This behaviour should not be considered dishonest. An Indian would be considered terribly rude if he did not attempt to give a person what had been asked. Since they do not like to give negative answers, Indians may give an affirmative answer but be deliberately vague about any specific details.

This will require you to look for non-verbal cues, such as a reluctance to commit to an actual time for a meeting or an enthusiastic response. 3

British Society, People and Culture

The United Kingdom

The United Kingdom is comprised of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. It is important not only to be aware of these geographical distinctions, but also the strong sense of identity and nationalism felt by the populations of these four nations.

The terms ‘English’ and ‘British’ do not mean the same thing. ‘British’ denotes someone who is from England, Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland. ‘English’ refers to people from England. People from Scotland are ‘Scots’, from Wales ‘Welsh’ and from Northern Ireland ‘Irish’. Be sure not to call someone Welsh, Scots, or Northern Irish ‘English’.

The Class System

Although in the past few decades, people from varied backgrounds have had greater access to higher education, wealth distribution is changing and more upward/downward mobility is occurring, the British class system is still very much intact although in a more subconscious way. The playing field is levelling but the British still seem to pigeon-hole people according to class.

Class is no longer simply about wealth or where one lives; the British are able to suss out someone’s class through a number of complex variables including demeanour, accent, manners and comportment.

A Multicultural Society

Formerly a very homogenous society, since World War II, Britain has become increasingly diverse as it has accommodated large immigrant populations, particularly from its former colonies such as India, Pakistan and the West Indies. The mixture of ethnic groups and cultures make it difficult to define “Britishness” nowadays and a debate rages within the nation as to what now really constitutes being a Briton. 2

After reviewing the above literature it is significantly proven that the culture in UK and India has many differences in them. These differences bring the changes in perception, values and attitude of the local people, and are one of the major obstacles in marketing of any product which is marketed in India and United Kingdom.

References:

http://www.indianlanguages.com/main/index.php http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/resources/global-etiquette/UK.html http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/resources/global-etiquette/india-country-profile.html.

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NEED AND CONTEXT

It has been observed that the recent economic growth in the Asian cities indicate that there has been a breakdown of traditional support systems such as the family because of rapid urbanization and modernization. Moreover, a large number of people are living below the poverty line in impoverished environment in urban and rural communities. Their acute needs for housing, food, health, education, and incomes are the very forces that push adolescents to look for a means of livelihood on the streets, engage in prostitution, be hooked up with crime/drug syndicates, or become victims of sexual and physical abuse. It is a battle of bare struggle for daily survival and contributes in every ways they can. Any measure to penalize parents of such children will only result in further abuse and oppression of people who are already disadvantaged. Such children struggle hard in getting the most essential requirements to meet the basic needs of life and such children need special attention and educational intervention. These disadvantaged adolescents are generally malnourished and often anemic; many of them physically stunted, suffer psychologically from undue family pressures and abuses and are neglected at home. They tend to develop low self-esteem from broken families, single-headed households because of the death, separation, or labor migration of one of their parents. Moreover, they live in slums and squatter communities, sub-human conditions and are susceptible to crime syndicates and gang conflicts, substance/drug abuse, and gambling.

In the developing and under developed countries like India and Thailand a large percentage of population live below the poverty line and adolescents from such environment face difficulties in getting access to good education. It is therefore felt that in both the surround adolescents are of in the process of development and failure to meet their developmental need have lend to safe and serial destructions behaviors. Adolescents lack necessary life skills for cape up in to the realities and challenges of life. Adolescents accords for the largest portion of the world’s population and have been on an increasing trend and there are “230 million Indian adolescent in the age of group of 4 to 19” that (Population and Health IndoShare, 2006). Moreover, it is expected that this age group will continue to grow reaching over “214 million by 2020” (United Nations (UN) 2000) due to has traditionally been a male dominated society and has a strong son preference in most part of but Indian girls tend to be discriminated against by their families and also demographic trends indicate deep-rooted gender discrimination. In India, the condition of disadvantaged adolescents resembled that of their centers pail Thailand. Indian Young adolescents are facings serious problem of lack of access to reliable knowledge on the process of growing up reproductive health practices and value system. There has been a need to provide education on the developmental changes and needs during teenagers. This may reduce the risk of future.

Today, almost every Indian and Thai whether rich or poor, young or old, is exposed to much that is foreign, largely because in the last two decades India and Thailand has become one of the region’s most popular tourists destinations. At times, the growing economy and favorable investment opportunities have also attracted many foreign multinationals, which continue to add to the already fair large expatriate community. However, despite the intensity of their exposure to “foreign” influences, particularly western cultures and lifestyles, Indian and Thai culture remains a solid influence within family life and early childhood. From birth, Indian and Thai adolescents are still much more deeply immersed in culture than they are exposed to foreign influences despite the fast-paced changes that have been affecting Indian and Thai adolescents. The adolescents of deferred families are emotionally disturbed and driven adrift as wanderers, delinquent children with im-permissive behaviors such as loitering, gambling, drug addiction, crime, truancy, prostitution, and begging, illegal dealings. As the consequence of these adverse behaviors, cases of illegal pregnancy, baby abandonment, and HIV/AIDS infection are becoming more and more severe.

There also reported, “Thai Children are spending more time in talking and chatting on the phone and the trendiest models of mobile phones, love hanging out with their friends at night, the drugs problem and the loss of Thai identity and shopping for brand name products. The latest fashion among the hobbies of many of today’s Thai children is they are becoming increasingly violent and blaming society and their own families for their behavior and involve in premature sex, drugs and aggressiveness”. “The study found that despite the well-to-do family backgrounds of the teens surveyed, most of them shared a common problem of loneliness, depressive tendencies and a need for love”. The gap between parents and children is greater than ever before, arising from broken families or from families which faille to inculcate morals in their children because they havenless time for their children and had left them to the peril of sick and violent society in Thailand (Aphaluck Bhatiasevi, Thongbai Thongpao 2002), (Tong Thum Struggles, 2006)

With the best intention and efforts of the education as a social instrument, it is possible to promote the complete welfare of disadvantaged population. Among the several types of disadvantaged adolescents, Adolescents forced to enter the labour market, adolescents affected by HIV/AIDS and adolescents affected by narcotic drugs need special attention. They have trouble in getting proper guidance to overcome personal problems and require proper guidance and counseling to become aware of the ill effects narcotic drugs, labour market and HIV/AIDS. It may not be possible to develop awareness in the expected manner through normal school curriculums. Hence, a separate educational intervention, which is nothing but a planned programme of educational guidance, organized to meet the scientific and psychological needs of disadvantaged adolescents in the age group of 13-16. Hence, in this study, an attempt will be made to study the educational adjustment of disadvantaged adolescents and to find out the impact of a structured educational intervention programme in developing proper awareness and attitude towards reproductive health, drugs, sexuality and values.

The present study examined the impact of an educational intervention programme on the knowledge and attitude on disadvantaged adolescents in Northern India and Thailand. The study intends to assess and compare the knowledge about the process of growing up, HIV/AIDS awareness, values and attitude of teen-age students staying in the schools. Reproductive health education is a key strategy for promoting preventive measures among teenagers.

METHOS

The sample for the study consisted of 225 disadvantaged adolescents who included 125 adolescents from India (Chennai Himmat Slum area, Jammu region) and Thailand (Yong People Develop Chiang Mai and Teresa Anusorn Foundation (Ban Teresa) Chiang Rai, Province). The sample populations of disadvantaged adolescents are residents of orphanages and slum area and studying in high school classes in the age of groups from 13 to 16 years. Data was collected by administering knowledge test consisted of items on process of growing up HIV/AIDS, reproductive organs and their functions family planning and parenting and attitude scale to measure beliefs and practices about sexuality and abstinence. An experimental design consisted of experimental and control group was formed. Questionnaires were translated from English to Hindi and Thai, (mother tongue of the respondent), then back in to English to ensure that no meaning was lost in translation. There were use two groups of learner: both the groups were given Pre-Test as well as Post-Test, where experimental group were given intervention programme and control group was not be given any intervention programme.

Control group: – there were in two states: ten administrators conducted face-to-face interviews and Focus groups with disadvantaged adolescent in India and Thailand.

First state, in India country; 10 Indian administrators were called the Indian disadvantaged adolescents from there house at Slum area (Jammu), meeting for data collected were an adjustment questionnaire in each of person and groups by Hindi (mother tongue of the respondent).

Second state, in Thailand country: 125 questionnaires in Thai (mother tongue of the respondent) were administered to the Thai disadvantaged adolescent of two orphanages, I collected later the questionnaires.

Intervention / Treatment Programme

Experts: Facilitators who were willing to participate in the study were invited for receiving community sensitization, booklet distribution, and CD training;

Experimental group: 200 students (and also inmates) belonging to Channai Himmat, Slum area (Jammu, India), Teresa Anusorn Foundation (Ban Teresa), and Yong People Develop (Thailand) who had got least scores namely, were given one day training programme on intervention or treatment as;

In the morning: the orientation and participants programme concentrated on basic issues such as general framework of adolescent growth, and consisted of discussions and demonstrations. The training programme practiced the activities to develop the knowledge level and the attitude about HIV/AIDS, drug abuse and reproductive health education

In the afternoon until evening: the revised questionnaires were administered to the experimental group in 3 sessions as: (a) the personal details. (b) The knowledge level and attitude were administered to find out themselves and whenever they had doubt in understanding the items, the administrators made them easy by giving supplementary examples. In addition, (c) group discussed for preparation of suggestive measures to improve and policies.

Design of the study

An educational intervention programme consisting of awareness activities presented through media presentation, discussion and interaction was presented to the experimental group. Universals and multivariate analysis of the data were used to assess the impact of interventions and to identify the predictors of change in knowledge and attitude. Significant changes in terms of gain between pre-test and post-test was observed.

Analysis

The completed questionnaires were collated and entered into the computer. The data was entered and analyzed using SPSS. After verification and reduction of data, descriptive frequencies were completed. This was followed by uni-variate and multi-variety procedures to assess the impact of the interventions and to identify other predictors of change in knowledge and attitude. Analysis was stratified by *** shown how responses to the variables of knowledge and attitude, differ boys, girls, age, and education. Descriptive statistics was used to profile the study population. Knowledge and attitude was then used to explore the demographic variables associated with HIV/AIDS, drug abused and reproductive Health Education. The following statistical techniques were applied in the present project: Paired Samples “T”-test and “F”-test.

FINDINGS

The demographic profile of the 250 Indian and Thai respondent questionnaires is shown the relationships between demographic characteristics of Indian and Thai were founds Indian boys (54.40%) less than Thai boys (56%), and Indian girls (45.60%) more than Thai girls (44%). In the same age group of Indian and Thai 15 years old, and the same of the secondary school of Indian: (Standard: 9) and Thai: (Grades 3), had significant .05 is shown in Table 1.

Answers were grouped in comparing scores from Indian and Thai disadvantage adolescent after received a treatment on knowledge and attitude about HIV/AIDS, drug abuse and reproductive health education, all participating (N= 200) were group interviewed and after the intervention had significant difference is (0.05), are shown in Table 2-16.

The findings also revealed significant differences between boys and girls in knowledge and attitude towards reproductive health education. Implications of the study for the awareness programmes were suggested.

DISCUSSION

In many Northern states of India and Thailand, the HIV/AIDS, drug abuse and reproductive health needs of Indian and Thai disadvantaged adolescents are either poorly understood or not fully appreciated. Evidence is growing that this neglect can seriously jeopardize the HIV/AIDS, drug abuse and reproductive health education needs and future well-being of them.

The policies addressed the effectiveness of the programmed to highlights what there needs to be done to promote and protect to the disadvantaged adolescent in India and Thailand in the future as: all schools should develop textbooks making learning interesting by following extensive community sensitization in support of adolescent reproductive health education appropriate in Indian and Thai cultural and tradition. Because of Indian and Thai culture and tradition, adolescents kept learning by them long time ago that, made them grow up in the wrong life and have been against morality.

Indian and Thai adolescent problems erupt from families and by themselves after they have been sexually abused or because their families could not understand adolescent behavior and teach them about reproductive health education and sexual health education. Such as should improve in knowledge and attitude among school-going adolescents with the media modern of families. In addition, it was found that sexually abused violated in Indian and Thai adolescents should learn and practice self-protection and should gather knowledge of the Child Rights and much more.

India disadvantaged adolescents

1. Indian disadvantaged adolescents are neglected from home, school and there country of the knowledge. They tend to undeveloped of the confidents and very poorly of the knowledge, attitude about Reproductive Health, drug and HIV/AIDS. Thus as, should to improve and increase and learn the knowledge attitude and understanding of disadvantaged adolescents

2. In India, the responsible organizations both governmental and non-governmental of India have to develop policies for adolescent and should to include HIV/AIDS education and health programme in schools curriculums. In addition, those reproductive health educational services for adolescent girls are especially needed in schools and families.

3. Parents, families, teachers and administrators in orphanages or schools should be encouraged to discuss or give guidance and approval about reproductive health education, drug and HIV/AIDS with their disadvantaged adolescent.

Thailand disadvantaged adolescents

1. Should to improve and increase the knowledge attitude and understanding of disadvantaged adolescents in Northern about reproductive health education and sexual health education.

2. Especially, in Northern, Thailand having spread of higher Drug and HIV/AIDS, thus as should to teach or train to get about the knowledge attitude and understanding of reproductive health to adolescents and parents more then other.

3. The reproductive and sexual health education should be included in the curriculum for the second level – primary education (Grades 4-6), Third level – secondary education (Grades 1-3) and Fourth level – secondary education (Grades 4-6). It is too late to start from Third level – secondary education (Grades 1-3) in Thailand thus; the Ministry of Education has to prepare a new policy to put this subject at the Basic Education Curriculum Standard as soon as possible.

4. It appears that in Thailand media has caused a change in *** related values among adolescents. With the misuse of Internet in getting information on *** related issue supplemented by the use of Cell phone, TV, VCD, DVD and booklets is increasing Crime problems of sexually abused. Thus, the qualities of the textbooks or booklets to be distributed to the adolescents.

TABLE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I thank to Dr. Y. N. Sridhar, Guide of Research for me. I would like too many helpful and thank the following students, Mr. Kasame Sakonllapap, Mr. Santi Jongkongka, Mr. Prasarn Ruansang and people for their supported. I thankfulness to Father Carlo Luzzi, Mother Elisa Cavana, Father Niphot Thiengwiharn and my family, for contributing to this study by providing funding.

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structure.htm

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Hindi Hub Articles


INTRODUCTION

Whatever the silence or the contradicting comments be coming from the Indian government and its leading economists, the start of eroding effects of world depression 2008 in India can not be overlooked since the depression stands well entered in the Indian economy. The economic activities like the decision regarding closure of Tata’s Jamshedpur motors plant for three days, decision of Ashok Leyland to run only for three days a week for coming two months, decreasing interest rates, decrease in CRR, lowered REPO rate, cut in SLR, index of stock market in reverse gear, Rs 275000 crores (Rs 2750 billion) released by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to help industries and investors etc. already indicated and rather proved well in the first week of November 2008 that RBI and the Government accepted the entrance of depression 2008 in the Indian economy.

PRE-DEPRESSION SITUATION

After getting independence in 1947 India started its planned economic development in 1951 having in hands the experience, a wide literature of well proved strategies and variegated plans pertaining to, used by and created or formulated by the well developed western economies, apart from the available natural resources. India was over enthusiastic and over ambitious on account of having the ready and well proved weapons sought from the western world for combating the problem of development. Therefore, instead of starting from the very beginning and covering the whole path it, being enticed and allured by the surprisingly fascinating fruits of industrialization, started efforts but having longed for being developed and grabbing fruits thereof in a haste. Thus India lost sequences in its development path. It ignored agriculture that was the spine of the economy. Thereby the agricultural development lagged far behind the level required for feeding India’s industrialization up to the mark. Agriculture based small and cottage industries became shattered and the villages became ruined. This raised a huge bulk of unemployed people in the widely spread rural sector.

The unemployed persons started migrating to the urban areas in search of job. The urban development and industrialization there had not sufficient level to absorb the whole migrating mass and to provide them proper urban life facilities. As a result thereof a mushroom growth of slums came about fast which eventually turned into big slum spots in cities and towns within a no longer period of 20 or 25 years. This hampered urban growth and urban life. On the other hand, in rural areas there emerged acute shortage of energetic workforce, service centres, infrastructure, intellectuals etc. This hindered the rural development whereby agricultural development and rural life remained slang lower. That is why, even having travelled a long path of planned economic development, the state of affairs of rural India still remained almost the same as it had been before planning. There remained a big gulf between urban and rural people regarding wealth, wage, education and income. Moreover, the rural-urban migration, due to the pitiable state of affairs in rural areas, resulted to unchecked urban growth. Thus, instead of overall development, an unbalanced and unfair development of Indian economy became resulted therein.

 However, the Central Government tried to make the situation better by initiating the process of economic reforms in 1991. But, unfortunately, the formulation of this process was on almost the same footings as those of the Five Year Plans and, therefore, this also could not bring about the desired change. Consequently a wide spread general unemployment prevailed in both the rural and the urban areas {as per ECONOMIC APPRAISAL 2006-07, the estimated number of unemployed persons rose from 7.98 million in 1983 to 9.02 million in 1993-94, to 10.51 million in 1999-2000 and to 13.10 million in 2004-05. These figures make amply clear that the average increase per year in the number of unemployed persons was going higher and higher without revealing any effect even of the economic reforms initiated in 1991. The average increase per year in the number of unemployed persons was 1.04 lakh (0.104 million) persons during the ten years’ period from 1983 to 1993-94. It became 2.48 lakh (0.248 milliom) during the next six years’ period and rose to 5.18 lakh (o.518 million) during the five years’ period from 1999-2000 to 2004-05.}. In addition to this a considerable number of politically, socially and economically sound and effective elites emerged in cities and urban towns. These elites interfered in the formulation and execution of development plans, on one hand, and in the fixation of priorities, on the other. Thereby Indian development plans became urban oriented and concentrating on rich minority. Thus the poor majority and the rural economy became ignored. The unemployment situation in both the rural and the urban sectors became almost uncontrollable. The government has become politically weak. Therefore its priority has become to please the rich minority so that it may run. To mitigate resentment and dissatisfaction among the general mass it has to play pseudo role to remedy some times the rural and some times the urban mass alternating through various unsuccessful employment programmes and plans. The condition of the rural unemployment is more embarrassing than that of the urban unemployment since the rural unemployed people are subsisting in privation.

The increasing inequality in income distribution and persistent lack of capital in India like other developing economies became more rigorous on account of the black money. Therefore, the Indian economy had been but experiencing inflationary pressure up to the late eighties on account of heavy autonomous (unproductive) investment in welfare and employment schemes (apart from that in infrastructure) by the governments being dependent on foreign aid, World Bank financing, external debts and deficit financing.

EMERGENCE OF DEPRESSION

 As the eighties end and the nineties begin the inflationary trend started being converted into depressive trend in the developing economies also on account of the following events.

(i) A considerable part of black money came out and became converted into white money on account of various schemes, moves and drives to convert black money into white. It was added to productive investment and whereby an increased supply in the market came about. Though employment also was thereby increased to add to the demand but lesser was added to demand than to supply due to highly unequal income. d

(ii) Under the process of globalization MNCs were allowed to enter  the economy. The MNCs made heavy productive investments and thus considerably added to the total supply in the markets but the thereby increased employment could not equally add to the total demand because a considerable part of their production value (revenue) went to their respective mother countries in the form of profits. Moreover these MNCs kept considerable part of their revenue in the form of undistributed profit deposited generally in the foreign banks.

(iii) The expansion of share markets took impetus in developing economies in the middle of nineties on account of some small scams and computerization of stock exchanges. However, a big scam always creates uncertainty in stock exchange activities and therefore harms the share market. But, contrarily, small scams always help increase the stock exchange activities because small scams create small but frequent ups and downs in share prices.

(iv) The globalization made the access of the depression stricken developed economies easy to the Indian markets. Therefore, the gluts of consumer goods started being dumped there. The goods produced in developed economies are of better quality and cheaper (on account of lower production cost) and the consumption of the Indian mass is highly conspicuous. These two factors attracted the Indian consumers towards those dumped goods so much that the demand of consumption goods pertaining to India’s home production became lost up to a considerable level.

THE PRESENT SITUATION

Each of the events discussed hereinabove contributed towards increasing the supply but decreasing the demand of consumption goods in the Indian economy. The combined effect of these events made a considerable change whereby up to the mid of year 2008 the Indian economy came into the grip of depressive trend in its markets other than the market pertaining to basic consumption items. The market of basic consumption items is still showing high prices and inflationary pressure. This is because the depression starting from financial and industrial giants will take some time in trickling to trade and medium or small industries of general consumption items. The downward trickling of the depression will gain impetus as soon as heavy retrenchment starts in the depression stricken giants.      

The following detail, prepared on the basis of columns in the news papers from 1st to 8th of December 2008, makes it amply clear the present extent of depression and the steps taken to control the situation in Indian economy.

(1)Stop production in Telco Construction: One more company of Tata Group, Telco Construction Equipment Co. Ltd. (TELCON) declared to stop production for four days (from 4th to 7th Dec.) in its Jamshedpur plant. This company has experienced a 50 % decrease in its production during last one and a half month. Mr. Ramchandra, President of the Telcon Workers Union, told that the plant has observed ‘block closer’ (stop production) two times in the last one month. Moreover, the Diesel Engine manufacturing company of joint ownership of Tata Group also exercised block closer for 5 days in the last week. India’s leading commercial vehicle manufacturing company, Mahindra and Mahindra, experienced a fall in the sale of its vehicles from 18583 vehicles in November 2007 to 11569 vehicles in November 2008. The total sale in the last year was 17844 vehicles which fell down to 10430 vehicles this year. The second biggest passenger car manufacturing company in India, the Hyundai Motor India Ltd., also experienced a 23.3 % decrease in its sale in home market in the month of November 2008 as compared to that in the month of November 2007. The home market sale in November 2008 is 14605 cars as against 19052 cars in November 2007 (Hindustan, Hindi Daily, Dt. 03.12.2008, Page 13, Baghpat Edition).

(2)Tata Motors has again decided to close its Pune plant for three days, from 5th to 7th of December 2008.. It is second time in the last fortnight that the company has decided to stop production (Hindustan, Hindi Daily, Dt. 04.12.2008, Page 13, Baghpat Edition).

(3)During the week ending on 22nd of November the inflation rate fell down 0.44 point and came to 8.40 % as it was 8.84 % in the week ended on 15th of November. The inflation rate in the week ended on 2nd of August this year was 12.91 % that was the highest inflation rate observed in last 16 years (Hindustan, Hindi Daily, Dt. 05.12.2008, Page 13, Baghpat Edition).

         (4)The second biggest car company in India, Hyundai Motor India Ltd., decided to sell its popular model, SANTRO GL (Solid) model, at 10 years old price of Rs 2.99 lakh (Rs o.299 million) for coming 10 days. A relaxation worth Rs 15,773 in the form of free insurance and accessories is being given in non-AC segment. Relaxation worth Rs 26,000 on SANTRO GLS model and from Rs 7,000 to Rs 25,000 on GATZ, Accent and Verna models is being provided. India’s biggest car company, Maruti, has already started giving discount from Rs 15,000 to Rs 35,000 on its cars. Moreover, the General Motors has made discount worth Rs 58,000 on SPARK. A discount worth Rs 90,000 on FORD FIESTA is being given. Tata Motors also is giving relaxation on its cars from Rs 20,000 to Rs 30,000 (Dainik Jagran, Hindi Daily) Dt. O5.12.2008, Page 13, Baghpat Edition).

(5)Mr. G. K. Pillai, Commerce Secretary, stated on Wednesday, December 6, 2008, that a budgetary help worth Rs 150 billion (Rs fifteen thousand crores) would be given to infrastructure projects while a help worth Rs 20 billion (Rs two thousand crores) would be extended to the depression stricken exporters. First time in a period of last ten years there has been observed a decrease of 12 % in Indian export business. As per the government survey of 121 export oriented units, 65 thousand jobs have been cut during last three months. Seven thousand jobs stand cancelled in cloth sector and this figure may reach to 1.2 million (twelve lakhs) up to the end of the current financial year. On account of realizing the depressive pressure in the economy, the Indian government has declared a decrease of Rs 5 in petrol prices and Rs 3 in diesel prices (Hindustan, Hindi Daily, Dt. 06.12.2008, Page 13, Baghpat Edition).

(6)Under the heading ‘Recession Trickles to India’ there has been stated “After years of being blamed for job losses in America and elsewhere, domestic high-tech companies and outsourcing firms are going through a downturn of there own. The global showdown id forcing them to reduce hiring, freeze salaries, postpone investment and lay off software programmers and call centre operators.” The country has been suffering from the effects of global slump, losing capital as Western investors fled to the security of American Treasuries, undermining Indian banks and company balance sheets. Satyam Computer Services slashed its recruitment plan to fewer than 10,000 from 15,000. Some companies, having hired recruits, are postponing their start dates. Wipro has dismissed 2.5 per cent of its work force in the second quarter. American Express laid off some 200 of its 6,000 workers in India and Goldman Sachs announced last month (November) to dismiss about 10 % of its work force in India (Hindustan Times, English Daily, Dt. 06.12.2008, Page 17).  

(7)A third block closer (stop production) within a period of mere one month has been declared by India’s biggest vehicle manufacturing company, Tata Motors, in its Jamshedpur plant from 8th to 13th of December 2008 in succession to its already observed second block closer from 5th to 7th December. In addition to it, the leading diesel engine manufacturing company Tata Cummins, a company of Tata’s joint ownership, is observing a six days block closer in its Jamshedpur plant from Saturday, the 6th instant. This is its second block closer as the first was from 26th to 29th of November. SBI has declared a special loan facility of Rs 110 billion (Rs 11000 crore) to help housing and small industries. RBI has decreased the REPO rate from 7.5 to 6.5 % and the Reverse REPO rate from 6 to 5 %. Yes Bank has declared a cut of 0.5 % in PLR while ICICI Bank has declared a cut of 1.5 % in PLR and BPLR (Hindustan, Hindi Daily, Dt. 07.12.2008, Page 1 & 13, Baghpat Edition).     

(8)Mr. Sameer chopra, President, BPO Industry Association of India, told that America and Europe, on account of the wage cut policy of companies and to combat the market slump, are thinking of stepping back in near future from alternatives like outsourcing. If this happens the Indian companies will be most affected negatively since most of the Indian software companies depend on America and Europe for business. Thus the jobs of 0.25 million (2.5 lakhs) persons, working in Indian BPO sector, are under threat of the global depression and they may lose their jobs in the first quarter of the next year (Dainik Jagran, Hindi Daily, Dt. O7.12.2008, Page 16, Baghpat Edition).

 (9)To control the continuously increasing prices and to rescue the economy from depression grip, the Central Government of India declared yesterday, the 7th of December 2008, a bailout package worth Rs 30 Kharab (Rs 3000 billion) (Hindustan, Hindi Daily, Dt. 08.12.2008, Front Page, Baghpat Edition).

CONCLUSION

The above mentioned detail shows that the remedial measures, being taken to control depression in the Indian economy, are the same and on the same line as those taken by America and European countries. India had also committed the mistake of using as well the tools proved fruitful in the western world, in case of economic development move. I think, in case of combating the depression 2008, India will again repeat the mistake of using the same tools which the western world is using without getting success in controlling the depression. Therefore, India should recognize the difference of its economic features as compared to America and the European countries and find compatible ways and means to control and combat the depression 2008.

Hindi Hub Articles


Tuition is well-proven as the most efficient way of learning and, here at webtuitions our subject coverage is unsurpassed and most of the information we provide is free.

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Did you know?

The youngest student we ever tutored was just under 3 years old (after consideration of the subject matter) and the oldest 85. Education is the key to achieving your goal.

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Our most popular subject for adult learners is elocution. If you have an accent that is holding you back, an impediment or lack confidence when speaking publicly – this can help.

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Online tuition is individual tuition with a real person and is an excellent way to learn. Feedback shows students find it more focused than the traditional face-to-face service.

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For more information, please visit our website: http://www.webtuitions.com

Hindi Hub Articles


If civil services fascinate you, if you have what it takes to get into being a professional in the civil services, then you will have to prepare really hard but it’s assured that all the hard work is worth it. For quite some time, civil services jobs have been attracting a lot of people.

IAS, IFS, IPS are a part of the civil services. All the departments which run the state administration and fall under the government directly are a part of the civil services. Those parts of the central/state civil services have to look after the smooth functioning of various departments (non military) and to see that it works as per the constitution.

The civil services age back to 1919, and hence hold a large history to it. The kind of job profile and power that it brings with itself has attracted many aspiring youngsters. Many youngsters and students wish to pursue a career in civil services and there are many reputed coaching centers in India teaching various courses in civil services. There are mainly three types of examinations conducted for civil services:

Preliminary exam – It consists of two multiple choice question papers, both objective. These papers total 450 marks. The divisions of the two papers are of the following pattern: first paper is for 150 marks consisting of questions from General Studies. The second set of paper is for 300 marks and the student can choose from the following options of subjects: Agriculture, Botany, Indian History, Law, Mathematics, Mechanical Engineering, Medical Science, Philosophy, Physics, Psychology, Public Administration, Sociology, Statistics, Zoology, Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Chemistry, Civil Engineering, Commerce, Economics, Electrical Engineering, Geography and Geology. Main exam- The number of candidates called for the main exam is usually 11 – 12 times more than the actual number of seats available.  Those who obtain the minimum qualifying marks stated by the commission are then called for a round of interview, though it’s pretty obvious that the students appearing for the interview are twice more than the available number of seats. The marks that the student acquires along with the interview results determine the final ranking of those who are selected. Once students are selected for these services, they are allotted to the services based upon their scores and preference. Written exam – After this comes the written exam, which consists of a total of eight papers. Each paper has essay type questions, 300 marks each.

a)      First paper consists of one of the following Indian languages (as per the eighth schedule of Constitution) – Assamese, Bengali, Gujrati, Marathi, Hindi, Sindhi, Malyalam, Orriya, Kannad, Punjabi, Kashmiri,Telgu, Urdu and Tamil.

b)      Second paper is English, third paper is essay, and fourth and fifth papers are General Studies.

c)      Paper six, seven, eight and nine consist of the following subjects – Anthropology, Botany, Agriculture, Chemistry, Commerce and Accountancy, Economics, Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Electrical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Geography, Geology, History, Law.

Besides these, there has to be Literature of any one of the following languages – Telugu, Chinese, Bengali, Kannada, Kashmiri, , Assamese,  Hindi, Oriya, Punjabi, Pali, , Gujarati, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Urdu, Malayalam, Arabic, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Konkani, French, Russian and English, German, Persian, Medical Science, Philosophy, Physics, , Mechanical Engineering, Political Science Management, Mathematics,  and Public Administration, Sociology, Statistics Psychology, and Zoology and International Relations.

The question papers here are essay type consisting 300 marks each. Question paper 1 and 2 i.e. Hindi and English are just taken into account for qualifying purpose; it doesn’t count in the ranking process. The General Studies paper and the optional subjects i.e. 3 – 7 are only taken into account if the candidate has cleared the language paper – Hindi and English.

The last procedure is the interview round for 250 marks, and the plus point here is that there is no requirement of qualifying marks. In the interview round, a board interviews the candidate after which the board refers the career records of the candidate here.

However, the candidate hence selected is expected to have a strong knowledge of national and international issues, languages, trends, new discoveries etc. along with a firm hold on the academic knowledge and skills.

Hindi Hub Articles


How can teachers who **** the national language build the future of the students ?

Samastipur (Bihar) – Shaktikumar Srivastav, a 7th standard student of Saint Joseph’s School was punished for speaking Hindi in the school. The lady-teacher even threatened him, “Henceforth if you speak in Hindi, you will be severely punished and removed from the school.” Upon hearing this threat, Shaktikumar said to her that Hindi was his national language. The teacher became furious with him and said, “If you are so keen on speaking Hindi, why don’t you join a Hindi medium school?” – Mrs. Seema Srivastav.

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Priests who celebrate the birth of Sri Ramchandra on Ramnavami by cutting a cake !

Dhanbad (Jharkhand) – On the auspicious day of Ramnavami, some devotees who had gathered at the Ram Temple of Shaktipath, were celebrating the birth of Sriram with the cutting of a cake at the hands of a boy who was dressed as Sriram. We were present at the temple as we were in Seva holding an exhibition of Sanatan’s Holy texts. When we saw the way Sriram’s birth was being celebrated, we spoke up and tried to create awareness amongst the priests present there. We explained to them about the denigration of Sriram and the Holy texts due to such a celebration. They, however, did not pay any attention to us. They said, “We cannot argue with the devotees.” In order to create awareness amongst the devotees present there, we spoke politely, though in a slightly loud voice, “It is the prime duty of our priests to teach Dharmacharan and prevent the denigration of Deities.” All the devotees present were convinced by what we were saying and so were the priests. – Mr. Gopal Singh and Mrs. Neelam Sinha (This incident shows that it is absolutely necessary to give Dharmashikshan (education in Dharma) to the priests. – Editor)

(Ref: ‘Dainik Sanatan Prabhat’)

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Mumbai is just a trailer of what is to come !

Mumbai (Maharashtra) – Post the 26/11 terror wrought on Bharat by terrorists from Pakistan, much has been written and spoken about it. In a booklet published by ‘Jan Jagran Manch’, Mumbai, the authors have given an insight into the minds and ideology at work. We present here one such excerpt.

‘Iranian-born foreign affairs specialist Amir Taheri points out that the Mumbai attacks embody the plan outlined by a senior Al Qaeda strategist after the USA decided to fight back following 9/11 – a decision that the Islamic terrorists had not expected.

The Pakistani terror plot is only the tip of the iceberg. This new Islamic strategy entails targeting countries with a substantial Muslim presence for ‘low-intensity warfare’. This will include bombings, ******* bombings, kidnappings, taking of hostages, use of women and children as human shields, beheadings and other attacks that make normal life impossible. Such a simultaneous, multi-faceted onslaught quickly reduces a city and a country to chaos. It can be repeated anywhere – and our cities must be among the most vulnerable. The civilised countries now face an enemy that will simply not play by the rules of the civilisation. It is time we woke up to this terrifying reality. Mumbai is just a trailer of what is to come.’

(Ref: ‘Mumbai Terror Outrage’; Publisher – Jan Jagran Manch)

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My fathers enthusiasm to send me to a boarding school meant that it was his life that was at stake so he ensured that I , a ten year old kid, worked real hard to get a place in the merit list. Probably, he had realized early in life that there is no short cut to success and education plays a vital role in a person’s life.However,I was too young to realize that so for me it was just fun being in his Army Field area posting.My job was just restricted to parrotting all the previous years entrance examinations question papers along with the mathematical tables. Every day he would take my test and if I did well he would not forget to hand me some sweets.

I took the written test and was selected for the interview which was more difficult than the examination.Here you don’t know what the board is going to ask under the pretext of General Knowledge and General Awareness.However,When I was summoned inside,I parrotted Good Morning to the members and recited the background I had mugged up.The members had no option than to stop me in between as I wasn’t allowing them to speak .One of the members asked me ,”Young boy,If you get selected whom will you fight as this school prepares future officers for the Indian Army”..I did not waste time in saying,’Sir, Pakistan” because we had been brought up with this psyche since ages.It brought a smile on their faces and shot the next question at me,Now whom do you fight?To this I replied in Hindi,Sir, ab apas mein hi ladtey hain.This was taken with laughter all around.I came out and had to do the replay of the interview for my father.

The results saw me among the toppers in the merit list and it was a celeberation time all around in the family as I was the first kid who was going to a boarding which was a prestigious school ,very well known in the country.I became a hero only to realise later that this would mean the end of my stay with parents,brother and sister. I was required to get all the dresses and other equipments that were to be taken along.However, I was shrewed enough to note that it was just like a royal bath for the lamb before being slaughtered. I had no option than to take the royal bath.

I was taken to the school housed in a palatial palace of the erstwhile State of Kapurthala.I was nervous to see so much of hustle and bustle around.I couldn’t stop my eyes from getting wet but being strong kid did not display my emotions..However, there was a meaningful attempt from the house matrons and support staff to make us comfortable so that the bond between the parents and kids could be given a little shake.I had many other new guys with me who reacted differently but we had no option than to hold each others hands strongly leaving the parental hands and patronage.

Initially, like everyone else the problem was in getting used to school mannerisms and etiquettes.It was tedious to hold the knife and fork together at the breakfast table as I had always loved paranthas like all Punjabis.Paranthas give you the liberty of using hands or at the most the spoon.Again, learning fast was the order of the day. The School routine right from getting up at 5 am to getting to bed by 10 pm had some activity or the other. I had guys Punjab,Haryana,HP,Delhi etc so that helped to learn all the major northern languagues.Then the Games were real lovable where I could play my favourite Cricket and I later on went to head the School Cricket team.

Now, when I realize that we are successful today because of the contribution of education and the extra-curricular activities during the boarding time.We were made to go through all the activities that helped us not only to succeed in professional lives but also contributing meaningfully to the society.It was an all round development.The relations that we built and the friendship we had nortured is today as important to us as it was during the school days.A mere mention of ex-school mates brings a natural smile and enthusiasm of the same 10 year old kid that we were.The independent approach towards life,Self made persons attitude and standing for the principles are all the contributions of schooling.We are not just followers but leaders and its well known-Leaders just don’t follow, they make their own path for others to follow.Right, I couldn’t agree more.

Bakshinder

write me at-

bakshinder@hotmail.com”>bakshinder@hotmail.com

my blog-http://saikap.blog.co.uk

http://optimistic95.spaces.lve.com

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A Harmonium is a musical instrument which is similar to a Pipe Organ or a Reed Organ. When air is blown through the reed, it produces a sound similar to that of an accordion. The British introduced this instrument in India and the type used in Indian music is hand-operated.

Alexander Debain invented the harmonium in the Paris in 1842. In the late 19th century, this instrument began to attain popularity in the West. Small churches started using harmoniums instead of pipe organs. Harmoniums were popular because of their light weight and ease of transportation. It also works well regardless of the heat and humidity.

Harmoniums are generally with one, two, or three sets of reeds and occasionally up to four sets. Classical instrumentalists use one-reed harmoniums; The three reed harmoniums are used by musicians playing for gawalli. To play the instrument, it requires a pumping of the bellows with one hand and taping of the keys with other.

French-made hand–pumped harmoniums have become very popular in India because they are easy to learn. Further additions of the drone stops and scale changing mechanisms in India have developed in the harmoniums. Hand-held harmoniums were introduced in India.  This had a quick response because the musicians played the instrument sitting on the floor.

The qualities of harmonium suits well for group singing, large voice classes and also as a template for standardized raga grammar. This instrument was banned by All India Radio (1940 to1971) because of its inability to produce slides between notes. Hindus and Sikh largely use harmoniums for bhajan and kirtan.

A

Shruti Box is a traditional instrument based on a system of bellows. It is used to provide a drone in the concert of Indian classical music. It is usually accompanied with other instruments, particularly the flute. The electronic shruti box is used widely nowadays. It is called “shruti petti” in Tamil and the “sur peti” in Hindi. Since it is hand-pumped, it produces a pulsating constant chord that supports the right rhythm for the music being played.

A German company exported shruti boxes to India. These boxes were manufactured by a company in India as well. The craftsmanship on these shruti boxes are the of best quality and the reeds are made by top reed makers. The dimensions of the shruti boxes are 11 ¾”L x 9”H x 3?W. It has a padded bag and a shoulder strap. There are three models in shruti boxes – C to C, a lower G to G, or the lowest F to F in chromatic half steps.

Both the Shruti Box and Harmonium are available for purchase at www.PrestoMusicStore.com

Let the sounds be heard,

-Presto Music Store Team

This article is brought to you by the good folks at



Presto Music Store!

Bringing The World Of Music To Your Door.

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STATE OF THE NATION ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT GLORIA MACAPAGAL-ARROYO DURING THE 2ND REGULAR SESSION OF THE 14TH CONGRESS OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES, 28 July 2008

Thank you, Speaker Nograles. Senate President Villar. Senators and Representatives. Vice President de Castro, President Ramos, Chief Justice Puno, members of the diplomatic corps, ladies and gentlemen:

I address you today at a crucial moment in world history.

Just a few months ago, we ended 2007 with the strongest economic growth in a generation. Inflation was low, the peso strong and a million new jobs were created. We were all looking to a better, brighter future. Because tough choices were made, kumikilos na ang bayan sa wakas. Malapit na sana tayo sa pagbalanse ng budget. We were retiring debts in great amounts, reducing the drag on our country’s development, habang namumuhunan sa taong bayan. Biglang-bigla, nabaligtad ang ekonomiya ng mundo. Ang pagtalon ng presyo ng langis at pagkain ay nagbunsod ng pandaigdigan krisis, the worst since the Great Depression and the end of World War II. Some blame speculators moving billions of dollars from subprime mortgages to commodities like fuel and food. Others point of the very real surge in demand as millions of Chinese and Indians move up to the middle class.

Whatever the reasons, we are on a roller coaster ride of oil price hikes, high food prices and looming economic recession in the US and other markets. Uncertainty has moved like a terrible tsunami around the globe, wiping away gains, erasing progress.

This is a complex time that defies simple and easy solutions. For starters, it is hard to identify villains, unlike in the 1997 financial crisis. Everyone seems to be a victim, rich countries and poor, though certainly some can take more punishment than others.

To address these global challenges, we must go on building and buttressing bridges to allies around the world: to bring in the rice to feed our people, investments to create jobs; and to keep the peace and maintain stability in our country and the rest of the world. Yet even as we reach out to those who need, and who may need us, we strive for greater self-reliance.

Because tough choices were made, the global crisis did not catch us helpless and unprepared. Through foresight, grit and political will, we built a shield around our country that has slowed down and somewhat softened the worst effects of the global crisis. We have the money to care for our people and pay for food when there are shortages; for fuel despite price spikes.

Neither we nor anyone else in the world expected this day to come so soon but we prepared for it. For the guts not to flinch in the face of tough choices, I thank God. For the wisdom to recognize how needed you are, I thank, you Congress. For footing the bill, I thank the taxpayers.

The result has been, on the one hand, ito ang nakasalba sa bayan; and, on the other, more unpopularity for myself in the opinion polls. Yet, even unfriendly polls show self-rated poverty down to its 20-year low in 2007.  My responsibility as President is to take care to solve the problems we are facing now and to provide a vision and direction for how our nation should advance in the future.

Many in this great hall live privileged lives and exert great influence in public affairs. I am accessible to you, but I spend time every day with the underprivileged and under represented who cannot get a grip on their lives in the daily, all-consuming struggle to make ends meet.

Nag-aalala ako para sa naka-aawang maybahay na pasan ang pananagutan para sa buong pamilya. Nag-aalala ako para sa magsasakang nasa unang hanay ng pambansang produksyon ng pagkain ngunit nagsisikap pakanin ang pamilya. I care for hardworking students soon to graduate and wanting to see hope of good job and a career prospect here at home.  Nag-aalala ako para sa 41-year old na padre de pamilya na di araw-araw ang trabaho, at nag-aabala sa asawa at tatlong anak, at dapat bigyan ng higit pang pagkakakitaan at dangal. I care for our teachers who gave the greatest gift we ever received – a good education – still trying to pass on the same gift to succeeding generations. I care for our OFWs, famed for their skill, integrity and untiring labor, who send home their pay as the only way to touch loved ones so far away. Nagpupugay ako ngayon sa kanilang mga karaniwang Pilipino.

My critics say this is fiction, along with other facts and figures I cite today. I call it heroism though they don’t need our praise. Each is already a hero to those who matter most, their families.  I said this is a global crisis where everyone is a victim. But only few can afford to avoid, or pay to delay, the worst effects.

Many more have nothing to protect them from the immediate blunt force trauma of the global crisis. Tulad ninyo, nag-aalala ako para sa kanila. Ito ang mga taong bayan na dapat samahan natin. Not only because of their sacrifices for our country but because they are our countrymen. How do we solve these many complex challenges?

Sa kanilang kalagayan, the answer must be special care and attention in this great hour of need.

First, we must have a targeted strategy with set of precise prescriptions to ease the price challenges we are facing.

Second, food self-sufficiency; less energy dependence; greater self-reliance in our attitude as a people and in our posture as a nation.

Third, short-term relief cannot be at the expense of long term reforms. These reforms will benefit not just the next generation of Filipinos, but the next President as well.

Napakahalaga ang Value Added Tax sa pagharap sa mga hamong ito. Itong programa ang sagot sa mga problemang namana natin. Una, mabawasan ang ating mga utang and shore up our fiscal independence. Pangalawa, higit na pamumuhunan para mamamayan at imprastraktura. Pangatlo, sapat na pondo para sa mga programang pangmasa.

Thus, the infrastructure links programmed for the our poorest provinces like Northern Samar: Lao-ang-Lapinig-Arteche, right now ay maputik, San Isidro-Lope de Vega; the rehabilitation of Maharlika in Samar. Take VAT away and you and I abdicate our responsibility as leaders and pull the rug from under our present and future progress, which may be compromised by the global crisis.

Lalong lumakas ang tiwala ng mga investor dahil sa VAT. Mula P56.50 kada dolyar, lumakas ang piso hanggang P40.20 bago bumalik sa P44 dahil sa mga pabigat ng pangdaigdigang ekonomiya. Kung alisin ang VAT, hihina ang kumpiyansa ng negosyo, lalong tataas ang interes, lalong bababa ang piso, lalong mamahal ang bilihin.

Kapag ibinasura ang VAT sa langis at kuryente, ang mas makikinabang ay ang mga may kaya na kumukonsumo ng 84% ng langis at 90% ng kuryente habang mas masasaktan ang mahihirap na mawawalan ng P80 billion para sa mga programang pinopondohan ngayon ng VAT. Take away VAT and we strip our people of the means to ride out the world food and energy crisis.

We have come too far and made too many sacrifices to turn back now on fiscal reforms. Leadership is not about doing the first easy thing that comes to mind; it is about doing what is necessary, however hard.  The government has persevered, without flip-flops, in its much-criticized but irreplaceable policies, including oil and power VAT and oil deregulation.

Patuloy na gagamitin ng pamahalaan ang lumalago nating yaman upang tulungan ang mga pamilyang naghihirap sa taas ng bilihin at hampas ng bagyo, habang nagpupundar upang sanggahan ang bayan sa mga krisis sa hinaharap.

Para sa mga namamasada at namamasahe sa dyip, sinusugpo natin ang kotong at colorum upang mapataas ang kita ng mga tsuper. Si Federico Alvarez kumikita ng P200 a day sa kaniyang rutang Cubao-Rosario. Tinaas ito ng anti-kotong, anti-colorum ngayon P500 na ang kita niya. Iyan ang paraan kung paano napananatili ang dagdag-pasahe sa piso lamang. Halaga lang ng isang text.

Texting is a way of life. I asked the telecoms to cut the cost of messages between networks. They responded. It is now down to 50 centavos. Noong Hunyo, nagpalabas tayo ng apat na bilyong piso mula sa VAT sa langis-dalawang bilyong pambayad ng koryente ng apat na milyong mahihirap, isang bilyon para college scholarship o pautang sa 70,000 na estudyanteng maralita; kalahating bilyong pautang upang palitan ng mas matipid na LPG, CNG o biofuel ang motor ng libu-libong jeepney; at kalahating bilyong pampalit sa fluorescent sa mga pampublikong lugar.

Kung mapapalitan ng fluorescent ang lahat ng bumbilya, makatitipid tayo ng lampas P2 billion. Sa sunod na katas ng VAT, may P1 billion na pambayad ng kuryente ng mahihirap; kalahating bilyon para sa matatandang di sakop ng SSS o GSIS; kalahating bilyong kapital para sa pamilya ng mga namamasada; kalahating bilyon upang mapataas ang kakayahan at equipment ng mga munting ospital sa mga lalawigan. At para sa mga kalamidad, angkop na halaga.

We released P1 billion for the victims of typhoon Frank. We support a supplemental Western Visayas calamity budget from VAT proceeds, as a tribute to the likes of Rodney Berdin, age 13, of Barangay Rombang, Belison, Antique, who saved his mother, brother and sister from the raging waters of Sibalom River. Mula sa buwang ito, wala nang income tax ang sumusweldo ng P200,000 o mas mababa sa isang taon – P12 billion na bawas-buwis para sa maralita at middle class. Maraming salamat, Congress.

Ngayong may P32 na commercial rice, natugunan na natin ang problema sa pagkain sa kasalukuyan. Nagtagumpay tayo dahil sa pagtutulungan ng buong bayan sa pagsasaka, bantay-presyo at paghihigpit sa price manipulation, sa masipag na pamumuno ni Artie Yap.

Sa mga LGU at religious groups na tumutulong dalhin ang NFA rice sa mahihirap, maraming salamat sa inyo. Dahil sa subsidy, NFA rice is among the region’s cheapest. While we can take some comfort that our situation is better than many other nations, there is no substitute for solving the problem of rice and fuel here at home. In doing so, let us be honest and clear eyed – there has been a fundamental shift in global economics. The price of food and fuel will likely remain high. Nothing will be easy; the government cannot solve these problems over night. But, we can work to ease the near-term pain while investing in long-term solutions.

Since 2001, new irrigation systems for 146,000 hectares, including Malmar in Maguindanao and North Cotabato, Lower Agusan, Casecnan and Aulo in Nueva Ecija, Abulog-Apayao in Cagayan and Apayao, Addalam in Quirino and Isabela, among others, and the restoration of old systems on another 980,000 hectares have increased our nation’s irrigated land to a historic 1.5 million hectares.

Edwin Bandila, 48 years old, of Ugalingan, Carmen, North Cotabato, cultivated one hectare and harvested 35 cavans. Thirteen years na ginawa iyong Malmar. In my first State of the Nation Address, sabi ko kung hindi matapos iyon sa Setyembre ay kakanselahin ko ang kontrata, papapasukin ko ang engineering brigade, natapos nila. With Malamar, now he cultivates five hectares and produces 97 cavans per hectare. Mabuhay, Edwin! VAT will complete the San Roque-Agno River project.

The Land Bank has quadrupled loans for farmers and fisher folk. That is fact not fiction. Check it. For more effective credit utilization, I instructed DA to revitalize farmers cooperatives. We are providing seeds at subsidized prices to help our farmers.

Incremental Malampaya national revenues of P4 billion will go to our rice self-sufficiency program. Rice production since 2000 increased an average of 4.07% a year, twice the population growth rate. By promoting natural planning and female education, we have curbed population growth to 2.04% during our administration, down from the 2.36 in the 1990’s, when artificial birth control was pushed. Our campaign spreads awareness of responsible parenthood regarding birth spacing. Long years of pushing contraceptives made it synonymous to family planning. Therefore informed choice should mean letting more couples, who are mostly Catholics, know about natural family planning.

From 1978 to 1981, nag-export tayo ng bigas. Hindi tumagal. But let’s not be too hard on ourselves. Panahon pa ng Kastila bumibili na tayo ng bigas sa labas. While we may know how to grow rice well, topography doesn’t always cooperate.

Nature did not gift us with a mighty Mekong like Thailand and Vietnam, with their vast and naturally fertile plains. Nature instead put our islands ahead of our neighbours in the path of typhoons from the Pacific. So, we import 10% of the rice we consume.

To meet the challenge of today, we will feed our people now, not later, and help them get through these hard times. To meet the challenges of tomorrow, we must become more self-reliant, self-sufficient and independent, relying on ourselves more than on the world.

Now we come to the future of agrarian reform.  There are those who say it is a failure, that our rice importations prove it. There are those who say it is a success-if only because anything is better than nothing. Indeed, people are happier owning the land they work, no matter what the difficulties.

Sa SONA noong 2001, sinabi ko, bawat taon, mamamahagi tayo ng dalawang daang libong ektarya sa reporma sa lupa: 100,000 hectares of private farmland and 100,000 of public farmland, including ancestral domains. Di hamak mahigit sa target ang naipamahagi natin sa nakaraang pitong taon: 854,000 hectares of private farmland, 797,000 of public farmland, and Certificates of Ancestral Domain for 525,000 hectares. Including, over a 100,000 hectares for Bugkalots in Quirino, Aurora, and Nueva Vizcaya. After the release of their CADT, Rosario Camma, Bugkalot chieftain, and now mayor of Nagtipunan, helped his 15,000-member tribe develop irrigation, plant vegetables and corn and achieve food sufficiency. Mabuhay, Chief!

Agrarian reform should not merely subdivide misery, it must raise living standards. Ownership raises the farmer from his but productivity will keep him on his feet.

Sinimula ng aking ama ang land reform noong 1963. Upang mabuo ito, the extension of CARP with reforms is top priority. I will continue to do all I can for the rural as well as urban poor. Ayaw natin na paglaya ng tenant sa landlord, mapapasa-ilalim naman sa usurero. Former tenants must be empowered to become agribusinessmen by allowing their land to be used as collateral.

Dapat mapalaya ng reporma sa lupa ang magsasaka sa pagiging alipin sa iba. Dapat bigyan ang magsasaka ng dangal bilang taong malaya at di hawak ninuman. We must curb the recklessness that gives land without the means to make it productive and bites off more than beneficiaries can chew.

At the same time, I want the rackets out of agrarian reform: the threats to take and therefore undervalue land, the conspiracies to overvalue it.

Be with me on this. There must be a path where justice and progress converge. Let us find it before Christmas. Dapat nating linisin ang landas para sa mga ibig magpursige sa pagsasaka, taglay ang pananalig na ang lupa ay sasagip sa atin sa huli kung gamitin natin ito nang maayos.

Along with massive rice production, we are cutting costs through more efficient transport. For our farm-to-market roads, we released P6 billion in 2007.

On our nautical highways. RORO boats carried 33 million metric tons of cargo and 31 million passengers in 2007. We have built 39 RORO ports during our administration, 12 more are slated to start within the next two years. In 2003, we inaugurated the Western Nautical Highway from Batangas through Mindoro, Panay and Negros to Mindanao. This year we launched the Central Nautical Highway from Bicol mainland, through Masbate, Cebu, Bohol and Camiguin to Mindanao mainland. These developments strengthen our competitiveness.

Leading multinational company Nestle cut transport costs and offset higher milk prices abroad. Salamat, RORO. Transport costs have become so reasonable for bakeries like Gardenia, a loaf of its bread in Iloilo is priced the same as in Laguna and Manila. Salamat muli sa RORO.

To the many LGUs who have stopped collecting fees from cargo vehicles, maraming, maraming salamat.  We are repaving airports that are useful for agriculture, like Zamboanga City Airport. Producing rice and moving it cheaper addresses the supply side of our rice needs. On the demand side, we are boosting the people’s buying power.

Ginagawa nating labor-intensive ang paggawa at pag-ayos ng kalsada at patubig. Noong SONA ng 2001, naglunsad tayo sa NCR ng patrabaho para sa 20,000 na out of school youth, na tinawag OYSTER. Ngayon, mahigit 20,000 ang ineempleyo ng OYSTER sa buong bansa. In disaster-stricken areas, we have a cash-for-work program.

In training, 7.74 million took technical and vocational courses over the last seven years, double the number in the previous 14 years. In 2007 alone, 1.7 million graduated. Among them are Jessica Barlomento now in Hanjin as supply officer, Shenve Catana, Marie Grace Comendador, and Marlyn Tusi, lady welders, congratulations. In microfinance, loans have reached P102 billion or 30 times more than the P3 billion we started with in 2001, with a 98% repayment record, congratulations! Major lenders include the Land Bank with P69 billion, the Peoples’ Credit and Finance Corporation P8 billion, the National Livelihood Support Fund P3 billion, DBP P1 billion and the DSWD’s SEA-K P800 million. For partnering with us to unleash the entrepreneurial spirit, thank you, Go Negosyo and Joey Concepcion.

Upland development benefits farmers through agro-forestry initiatives. Rubber is especially strong in Zamboanga Sibugay and North Cotabato. Victoria Mindoro, 56 years old, used to earn P5,000 a month as farmer and factory worker. Now she owns 10 hectares in the Goodyear Agrarian Reform Community in Kabasalan, Zamboanga Sibugay, she earns P10,000 a week. With one hectare, Pedro and Concordia Faviolas of Makilala, North Cotabato, they sent their six children to college, bought two more hectares, and earn P15,000 a month. Congratulations!

Jatropha estates are starting in 900 hectares in and around Tamlang Valley in Negros Oriental; 200 in CamSur; 300 in GenSan, 500 in Fort Magsaysay near the Cordero Dam and 700 in Samar, among others.  In our 2006 SONA, our food baskets were identified as North Luzon and Mindanao. The sad irony of Mindanao as food basket is that it has some of the highest hunger in our nation. It has large fields of high productivity, yet also six of our ten poorest provinces.

The prime reason is the endless Mindanao conflict. A comprehensive peace has eluded us for half a century. But last night, differences on the tough issue of ancestral domain were resolved. Yes, there are political dynamics among the people of Mindanao. Let us sort them out with the utmost sobriety, patience and restraint. I ask Congress to act on the legislative and political reforms that will lead to a just and lasting peace during our term of office. The demands of decency and compassion urge dialogue. Better talk than fight, if nothing of sovereign value is anyway lost. Dialogue has achieved more than confrontation in many parts of the world. This was the message of the recent World Conference in Madrid organized by the King of Saudi Arabia, and the universal message of the Pope in Sydney.

Pope Benedict’s encyclical Deus Caritas Est reminds us: “There will always be situations of material need where help in the form of concrete love for neighbour is indispensable.”

Pinagsasama-sama natin ang mga programa ng DSWD, DOH, GSIS, SSS at iba pang lumalaban sa kahirapan sa isang National Social Welfare Program para proteksyonan ang pinaka-mahihirap mula sa pandaigdigang krisis, and to help those whose earnings are limited by illness, disability, loss of job, age and so on-through livelihood projects, microfinance, skills and technology transfer, emergency and temporary employment, pension funds, food aid and cash subsidies, child nutrition and adult health care, medical missions, salary loans, insurance, housing programs, educational and other savings schemes, and now cheaper medicine-Thanks to Congress.

The World Bank says that in Brazil, the income of the poorest 10% has grown 9% per year versus the 3% for the higher income levels due in large part to their family stipend program linking welfare checks to school attendance. We have introduced a similar program, Pantawid Pamilya.

Employers have funded the two increases in SSS benefits since 2005. Thank you, employers for paying the premiums.

GSIS pensions have been indexed to inflation and have increased every year since 2001. Its salary loan availments have increased from two months equivalent to 10 months, the highest of any system public or private-while repayments have been stretched out.

Pag-Ibig housing loans increased from P3.82 billion in 2001 to P22.6 billion in 2007. This year it experienced an 84% increase in the first four months alone. Super heating na. Dapat dagdagan ng GSIS at buksan muli ng SSS ang pautang sa pabahay. I ask Congress to pass a bill allowing SSS to do housing loans beyond the present 10% limitation.  Bago ako naging Pangulo, isa’t kalahating milyong maralita lamang ang may health insurance. Noong 2001, sabi natin, dadagdagan pa ng kalahating milyon. Sa taong iyon, mahigit isang milyon ang nabigyan natin. Ngayon, 65 milyong Pilipino na ang may health insurance, mahigit doble ng 2000, kasama ang labinlimang milyong maralita. Philhealth has paid P100 billion for hospitalization. The indigent beneficiaries largely come from West and Central Visayas, Central Luzon, and Ilocos. Patuloy nating palalawakin itong napaka-importanted programa, lalo na sa Tawi-Tawi, Zambo Norte, Maguindanao, Apayao, Dinagat, Lanao Sur, Northern Samar, Masbate, Abra and Misamis Occidental. Lalo na sa kanilang mga magsasaka at mangingisda.

In these provinces and in Agusan Sur, Kalinga, Surigao Sur and calamity-stricken areas, we will launch a massive school feeding program at P10 per child every school day.

Bukod sa libreng edukasyon sa elementarya at high school, nadoble ang pondo para sa mga college scholarships, while private high school scholarship funds from the government have quadrupled.

I have started reforming and clustering the programs of the DepEd, CHED and TESDA. As with fiscal and food challenges, the global energy crunch demands better and more focused resource mobilization, conservation and management.

Government agencies are reducing their energy and fuel bills by 10%, emulating Texas Instruments and Philippine Stock Exchange who did it last year. Congratulations, Justice Vitug and Francis Lim.

To reduce power system losses, we count on government regulators and also on EPIRA amendments. We are successful in increasing energy self-sufficiency-56%, the highest in our history. We promote natural gas and biofuel; geothermal fields, among the world’s largest; windmills like those in Ilocos and Batanes; and the solar cells lighting many communities in Mindanao. The new Galoc oil field can produce 17,000-22,000 barrels per day, 1/12 of our crude consumption.

The Renewable Energy Bill has passed the House. Thank you, Congressmen. Our costly commodity imports like oil and rice should be offset by hard commodities exports like primary products, and soft ones like tourism and cyberservices, at which only India beats us.

Our P 350 million training partnership with the private sector should qualify 60,000 for call centers, medical transcription, animation and software development, which have a projected demand of one million workers generating $13 billion by 2010.

International finance agrees with our progress. Credit rating agencies have kept their positive or stable outlook on the country. Our world competitiveness ranking rose five notches. Congratulations to us. We are sticking to, and widening, the fiscal reforms that have earned us their respect.

To our investors, thank you for your valuable role in our development. I invite you to invest not only in factories and services, but in profitable infrastructure, following the formula for the Tarlac-Pangasinan-La Union Expressway. I ask business and civil society to continue to work for a socially equitable, economically viable balance of interests. Mining companies should ensure that host communities benefit substantively from their investments, and with no environmental damage from operations.

Our administration enacted the Solid Waste Management Act, Wildlife Act, Protection of Plant Varieties, Clean Water Act, Biofuels Act and various laws declaring protected areas. For reforestation, for next year we have budgeted P2 billion. Not only do forests enhance the beauty of the land, they mitigate climate change, a key factor in increasing the frequency and intensity of typhoons and costing the country 0.5% of the GDP.

We have set up over 100 marine and fish sanctuaries since 2001. In the whaleshark sanctuary of Donsol, Sorsogon, Alan Amanse, 40-year-old college undergraduate and father of two, was earning P100 a day from fishing and driving a tricycle. Now as whaleshark-watching officer, he is earns P1,000 a day, ten times his former income. For clean water, so important to health, there is P500 million this year and P1.5 billion for next year. From just one sanitary landfill in 2001, we now have 21, with another 18 in the works.

We launched the Zero Basura Olympics to clear our communities of trash. Rather than more money, all that is needed is for each citizen to keep home and workplace clean, and for garbage officials to stop squabbling. Our investments also include essential ways to strengthen our institutions of governance in order to fight the decades-old scourge of corruption. I will continue to fight this battle every single day. While others are happy with headlines through accusation without evidence and privilege speeches without accountability, we have allocated more than P3 billion – the largest anti-graft fund in our history – for real evidence gathering and vigorous prosecution. From its dismal past record, the Ombudsman’s conviction rate has increased 500%. Lifestyle checks, never seriously implemented before our time, have led to the dismissal and/or criminal prosecution of dozens of corrupt officials.

I recently met with the Millennium Challenge Corporation, a US agency that provides grants to countries based on governance. They have commended our gains, contributed P1 billion to our fight against graft, and declared us eligible for more grants. Thank you!

Last September, we created the Procurement Transparency Group in the DBM and linked it with business, academe, and the Church, to deter or catch anomalies in government contracts. On my instruction, the BIR and Customs established similar government-civil society tie-ups for information gathering and tax evasion and smuggling monitoring.

More advanced corruption practices require a commensurate advances in legislative responses. Colleagues in Congress, we need a more stringent Anti-Graft Act.

Sa pagmahal ng bilihin, hirap na ang mamimili – tapos, dadayain pa. Dapat itong mahinto. Hinihiling ko sa Kongreso na magpasa ng Consumer Bill of Rights laban sa price gouging, false advertising at iba pang gawain kontra sa mamimili. I call on all our government workers at the national and local levels to be more responsive and accountable to the people. Panahon ito ng pagsubok. Kung saan kayang tumulong at dapat tumulong ang pamahalaan, we must be there with a helping hand. Where government can contribute nothing useful, stay away. Let’s be more helpful, more courteous, more quick.

Kaakibat ng ating mga adhikain ang tuloy na pagkalinga sa kapakanan ng bawat Pilipino. Iisa ang ating pangarap – maunlad at mapayapang lipunan, kung saan ang magandang kinabukasan ay hindi pangarap lamang, bagkus natutupad. Sama-sama tayo sa tungkuling ito. May papel na gagampanan ang bawat mamamayan, negosyante, pinunong bayan at simbahan, sampu ng mga nasa lalawigan.

We are three branches but one government. We have our disagreements; we each have hopes, and ambitions that drive and divide us, be they personal, ethnic, religious and cultural. But we are one nation with one fate. As your President, I care too much about this nation to let anyone stand in the way of our people’s wellbeing. Hindi ko papayagang humadlang ang sinuman sa pag-unlad at pagsagana ng taong bayan. I will let no one – and no one’s political plans – threaten our nation’s survival.

Our country and our people have never failed to be there for us. We must be there for them now. Maraming salamat. Magandang hapon sa inyong lahat.

 

Hindi Hub Articles


Hindu religion is the richest religion with respect to values, customs & traditions. Customs and rituals are transferred from one generation to another which enhances the integrity of Hindu religion. Hindu religion is well known all over the world for its mysterious methodology and colorful festival celebration.

In Hindu families, parents inculcate “Sanskars” in their children since birth. Hindu religion have rich & royal heritage, tinted with vivid colors of cultures, values,customs, traditions, believe etc.

In Hindu religion, parents start searching for life partner for their wards when they are of marriageable age. They shortlist some prospects, then cross check the family background of groom, education qualification, earning, own/rented house etc or verify the family background of bride, educational qualification, beauty etc of bride. Hindu religion followers believe in horoscope match and kundli milan. After verification, families, bride & groom meet to know more about each other. If every thing suits then bride & groom are engaged and marriage is fixed and date of wedding is taken after consulting the priest/ pandit.

Hindu Marriage depicts chanting of “Mantras”, crowd of relatives & friends, decorated madap, loud music, beautiful bride with heavy “Lehnga” and “Jewellery”, Groom with “Sehra” and “Sherwani”. In Hindu Marriage various rituals are performed like Roka, Sagai, Tilak, Haldi, Mehandi Ceremony, Ladies Sangeet, Barat, Jai Mala, Phere, Kanyadaan, Vidai etc.

Hindu religion has wide branches in form of different castes, sub-caste so the rituals followed at marriages, but in every castes or sub-caste one thing is common that is joyful spirit of Hindu marriages.

Hindi Hub Articles


Hindi is the second most spoken language in the world following the Chinese. Geographically, people who speak Hindi are scattered all over the world including in the United States.

There are many reasons why it’s gaining popularity. These events show some evidences.

1. Edison schools get funds to add Hindi classes

The township school district has received a federal grant that will help introduce a Hindi language course in the curriculum in September 2008.

The first-year grant is $197,500 for 2007-08 to develop the curriculum. Additional grant money will be available to implement the program.

The curriculum will be modeled after courses taught in Texas schools. The Texas Hindi program, which begins in ninth grade, has been taught for the past few years.

The plan for Edison is to introduce and adapt Hindi for grades nine through 12.

Approximately 45 percent of the students in Edison are Asian. The Asian-Indian community was eager to start the less commonly taught subject.

2. Cameron University to offer Hindi class

Cameron will offer Hindi language courses for the first time in the fall, taught by a Fulbright Scholar from India.

“We are offering it because India has become an increasingly important player in a global economy, making the language useful for those in business and finance,” said Margery Kingsley, chairman of the foreign languages department. “Lawton also has a vibrant Indian community, and making the Hindi courses available will, we hope, contribute to local awareness of Indian culture, literature and films of India.”

Because many residents of India speak English well, the American business community has not been hard-pressed to learn the language. But knowing it can lead to more genial business relationships, and be helpful as a means of breaking the ice.

About 5,000 Asian Indians live in Oklahoma. Many second and third generation families only speak English but would discover more about their culture and ancestors by learning Hindi.

3. World Hindi Conference In New York – July 13 to 15, 2007

Eighth World Hindi Conference is being held in New York from July 13 to 15, 2007. It is being organized in cooperation with Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, New York.The Conference will deliberate on issues relating to the growth and presence of Hindi in the world including teaching of Hindi in foreign countries, use of information technology and necessary measures to increase its popularity.

So far seven World Hindi Conferences have been held at Nagpur (India), Port Louis (Mauritius, twice), New Delhi (India), Port of Spain (Trinidad & Tobago), London (UK) and Paramaribo (Suriname). This time the conference is being organized in the Americas where a large number of Non Resident Indians (NRIs) or People of Indian Origin (PIOs) are settled.

The conference will be inaugurated at the United Nations headquarters on 13th July. A large number of distinguished guests and senior dignitaries from various countries are expected to attend the conference along with eminent Hindi scholars, writers and poets from across the globe.

Hindi Hub Articles


According to the current estimates tourism represents 6.5 percent of the global workforce, employing 112 million people throughout the world. It plays a major role in the global economy and represents a significant global gross national product (GNP). Tourism is a highly fragmented industry with many different participants including tour operators, the transport and hotel industry, and of course, the tourists themselves. At the start of the 90’s decade, several trends were observed at the global level. According to the report of the World Tourism Organisation,1990, Asia/Oceania was expected to receive more international tourists than any other region in the world. At the same time tourists were diversifying into highly specialised groups from among a broad range of activities. Increased interest in travel to natural and less disturbed areas due to a rapidly growing interest in environmental matters and nature was perceived as one of the trends. This was expected to result in an increased interest in Asia and tropical America, areas which still contained large tracts of wilderness (WWF-UK, 1992).

Although in India tourism has been a part of the country’s ethos for a long time, it had predominantly been restricted to religious, archeological and recreational sites. Nature tourism, predominantly in the form of shooting and hunting trips, has gradually given way to photographic and nature oriented tours. Today, in the parks, sanctuaries and unprotected wilderness of India, nature based tourism has increased in scope, and is understood to, include nature trails, trekking , mountaineering, rock climbing , safaris, adventure sports and bird watching , in addition to photography expeditions. Most of these activities take place in forest and mountain terrain rich in wildlife and local ambience.

Such nature based tourism has either been species oriented or ecosystem oriented. Species oriented tourism in India has been confined to a few flagship species such as the tiger, which draws tourists to parks that are its natural habitat; or the Siberian crane, which is a major draw for tourists to the well-known Keoladeo National Park. In fact, most of India’s popular parks and sanctuaries are the natural habitat for one or another flagship species. The problem here is that if the flagship species is not sighted often enough, tourist flow may stem. Its dependence on a single species thus makes species oriented tourism rather precarious.

About one sixth of all the human beings on Earth live in India, the world’s most populous democracy. Its borders encompass a vast variety of peoples, practicing most of the world’s major religions, speaking scores of different languages, and divided into thousands of socially exclusive castes. A civilized, urban society has existed in India for well over 4,000 years, and there have been periods when its culture was as brilliant and creative as any in history. The country is also known by its ancient Hindi name, Bharat.

India’s leaders have played a prominent role in world affairs since the country became independent in 1947. Nevertheless, the standard of living of most of its citizens is low. The huge population strains the nation’s limited resources. Fertile, cultivable land is scarce, yet about two thirds of the people depend directly on agriculture for their livelihood. Many millions of Indians are inadequately nourished, poorly housed, and lacking in basic educational, medical, and sanitary services.

Although the modern nation of India encompasses the greater part of South Asia, it is smaller than the Indian Empire formerly ruled by Britain. Burma (now Myanmar), a mainly Buddhist country lying to the east, was administratively detached from India in 1937. Ten years later, when Britain granted independence to the peoples of the Indian subcontinent, two regions with Muslim majorities a large one in the northwest (West Pakistan) and a smaller one in the northeast (East Pakistan) were partitioned from the predominantly Hindu areas and became the separate nation of Pakistan. East Pakistan broke away from Pakistan in 1971 to form the independent nation of Bangladesh. Also bordering India on its long northern frontier are the People’s Republic of China and the relatively small kingdoms of Nepal and Bhutan. The island republic of Sri Lanka lies just off India’s southern tip. India’s capital is New Delhi.

To know more about “North and South India Tours” visit this site: http://www.airawat.com

Hindi Hub Articles


NEED AND CONTEXT

It has been observed that due to growing globalization commercialization and coy modification of essential requirements of life the young people in the age group of 10 to18 in the south East Asian countries. It especially in the countries like India and Thailand are facing worst problems of negligence and lack of awareness. Because of poverty and ignorance, children are becoming more prone to physical and psychological disorders “children growing up in chronic poverty. There are more likely than other children to experience physical impairments (e.g., low birth weight or “stunting”), cognitive delays and lower IQ, diminished school achievement and higher dropout rates, heightened risk of delinquency, and a greater likelihood of unintended teenage childbearing. The literature on adolescent development is both voluminous and troubling” quoted by (Amato & Booth, 1997 & J. Brian Brown, & Daniel T. Lichter, 2005). Moreover, many of them physically stunted, suffer psychologically from undue family pressures and abuses and are neglected at home, hence, “parenting factors have consistently been related to problematic adolescent behavior too” reported by (Frick, Christian, & Wootton, 1999; Rose, Glaser, Calhoun, & Bates, 2004).

Thus, as they tend to develop low self-esteem from poor families, broken families, and single-headed households, as a result by (Bianchi, 1999; Lichter, 1997), “that, a large share of young adults grew up in single-parent families, with step-parents, or with other co-residential adults”. Moreover, they live in slums and squatter communities, sub-human conditions. Some of there are susceptible to crime syndicates and gang conflicts, substance/drug abuse, and gambling, that is should given the importance of educational adjustment is widely considered an important goal, these experiences have often been linked to problematic adolescent development and a variety of negative adult outcomes”, (Duncan & Brooks-Gunn, 1999 and Guo & Harris, 2000).

Hence, a large number of young adolescents are showing the symptoms of physical and psychological deviation. Such adolescents who profess difficulties in educational and cultural adjustment are at a disadvantaged status and experience school adjustment problems. The individual experiences an upsurge of psychological changes, emotional upheavals and behavioral deviations. It has been reported, Levels of academic achievement during adolescence and educational attainment later in life are strong predictors of a variety of indicators of well-being in adulthood. Including, but not limited to, indicators of economic functioning such as socioeconomic status and income and for instance, adolescents who achieve academically are more likely to graduate from high school and to attend college. Further, academic and cognitive achievement, as indicated by test scores, is predictive of adult wages. Higher educated people are found to be healthier and report to have higher levels of socio-emotional well-being, family-level outcomes, such as marital disruption, and outcomes of children, such as academic and cognitive skills, are predicted by the level of education completed by individuals, (Blau and Kahn, 2000; Zakia Redd, Jennifer Brooks, Ayelish M. McGarvey, 2001).

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The study was conducted with the objective of investigating the extent of educational adjustment and problems associated with achievement of disadvantaged adolescents in India and Thailand. The purpose of the study was to identify the educational needs of disadvantaged students in the age group of 13 to 16. A specially designed package of activities was used to discover the impact of intervention on educational adjustment of the selected sample of disadvantaged students professing difficulties in school related activities.

METHODOLOGY

Sampling

The sample of the study consisted of 125 (68 boys and 57 girls) disadvantaged students from India and 125 (70 boys and 55 girls) from (Northernhenni of Teresa, Winag Pa Pow, Chiang Rai province and Yong People Develop, Doi Sa Kuat, Chiang Mai province.

The sample populations were drawn based on achievement scores on knowledge test. The selected students were subjected to an experimental design consisted of an intervention programme followed by guidance. The facilitators were selected and received training in identifying adjustment problems and arrange suitable programmes.

Design:

Questionnaires were administrated to the sample population to collect data on educational adjustment problems test. There were two groups of learner: both the groups were given Pre-Test as well as Post-Test, where experimental group were given intervention programme and control group was not be given any intervention programme. The intervention programme were conducted in two states: ten administrators conducted face-to-face interviews with disadvantaged adolescent in India and three administrators in Thailand by post in control group were as followed second state:

In India: A group of facilitators were called to develop rapport with the Indian disadvantaged adolescents from there house at Chennai Himmat Slum area in Jammu, (Jammu & Kashmir State, India). In addition, collect necessary data on educational adjustment by administering the selected tools meeting at the same time for data collected were an adjustment of the questionnaires in each of groups by Hindi (mother tongue of the respondent).

In Thailand: The questionnaires in Thai (mother tongue of the respondent) were administered to the Thai disadvantaged adolescents of two orphanages from Teresa Anusorn Foundation (Ban Teresa), and the investigator collected from Yong People Develop, and later the questionnaires.

Experimental group by intervention / Treatment Programme

Experts: all the facilitators who were willing to participate in the study were invited for receiving community sensitization, booklet distribution, and CD training;

Experimental group: 200 disadvantaged students who scored below averae scores in the knowledge test studies had got least scores were given one day training programme on intervention or treatment as follows: in the morning: the orientation and participants programme concentrated on basic issues such as: general framework of adolescent growth, and consisted of discussions and demonstrations. The training programme ncluded the activities so as to develop the psychological and social maturity and in-censoring self direction. The individual experiences an upsurge of psychological changes, emotional upheavals and behavioral conditions. The revised questionnaires were administered to the experimental group as to find out the effect of interventio

Analysis

The completed questionnaires were collated and entered into the computer. The data was entered and analyzed using SPSS. After verification and reduction of data, descriptive frequencies were completed. This was followed by uni-variate and multi-variety procedures to assess the impact of the interventions and to identify other predictors of change in the psychological and social maturity and in-censoring self direction. The individual experiences an upsurge of psychological changes, emotional upheavals and behavioral conduction. Analysis was stratified by *** shown how responded to the variables of psychological changes, differ boys, girls, age, and education. Descriptive statistics was used to profile the study population. The psychological changes were then used to explore the demographic variables associated with education adjustment. Following statistical techniques were applied in the present project: Paired Samples “T”-test and “F”-test.

FINDINGS

The profiles of the 250 Northern Indian and Thai respondent questionnaires are analyzed to find out the relationship between demographic characteristics of the sample population. It was found that Thai boys (56%) have scored more than Indian boys (54.40%) and Indian girls (45.60%) more than Thai girls (44%) have. In the same age group of 15 years old, and the same of Standard: 9 (India) and Thai from the secondary school (Grades 3), is shown in Table 1.

A significant difference between boys and girls in control group was reported after pretest in Indian adolescents. There was no significant difference in the pre and post-test scores of Indian and Thai in educational adjustment. Commonality in educational adjustment of both Indian and Thai groups was reported. Implications of the study for the awareness programmes were suggested, are shown in Table 2-9.

DISCUSSION

In many Northern states of India and Thailand, the educational adjustment and problems associated with achievement of Indian and Thai disadvantaged adolescents. There were neglect and need to improved the adjustment with understand by themselves, family, friends, and other people in there community and social, that, were suggested as; (1) both of them need become a good boys and girls, can thinks and can doing and can solve there problems in there future well-being of them. (2) There need to develop and include the adjustments education programme in the schools curriculums to improve them become a friendly relations to other people around of them. (3) Need to adjustment of developed, good attitude by themselves and other to being a good life in the future.

TABLE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I thank to Dr. Y. N. Sridhar, Guide of Research for me. I would like too many helpful and thank the following students, Mr. Kasame Sakonllapap, Mr. Santi Jongkongka, Mr. Prasarn Ruansang and people for their supported. I thankfulness to Father Carlo Luzzi, Mother Elisa Cavana, Father Niphot Thiengwiharn and my family, for contributing to this study by providing funding.

REFERENCE

1. Amato P., & Booth. A generation at risk: Growing up in an era of family upheaval, (dissertation). Cambridge Harvard Univ.; Press. 1997.

2. Blau F. & Kahn L. Do cognitive test scores explain U.S. wage inequality?, (dissertation) NBER Working Paper No: 8210. Cambridge Harvard Univ.; National Bureau of Economic Research. 2000.

3. Bianchi S. M. Feminization and Juvenilization of poverty: trends, relative risks, causes, and consequences, (dissertation). Department of Sociology, Univ.; Maryland, Annual Review of Sociology, Vol.35, p: 307-333. 1999.

4. Children’s Forum. Street Children, the Indian Child: A profile 2002. Available from: URL: http://www.indianngos.com/issue/child/

government/streetchild/childprofile.htm

5. Duncan G. J. & Brooks-Gunn J. Consequences of Growing Up Poor. 1999 New York: Russell Sage Foundation, September, ISBN-10: 0871541440.

6. Education in Thailand. Number of Disadvantaged Students in OBEC Schools by Type and Gender: Academic Years 2002- 2003. Office of the National Education Commission Education in Thailand, Bangkok: Amarin Printing and Publishing, Ministry of Education. 2004 National ISBN 974-241-733-4, p.20-34.

7. Dilok Sritong. The disadvantaged children in Jammu. 30 March 2007. (Not copyright).

8. Father Carlo Luzzi. The Hill Tribes Disadvantaged in Northern, Thailand. 9 October 2007. (Not copyright).

9. Father Komkrit Anamnat. The disadvantaged students in Nuchanat Ansorn School. Available from: URL: http://www.nuchanat.com/nuchanat.com/ documents/ management%20structure.htm

10. Father Niphot Thiengwiharn. Yong People Development. Doi Sa Kuat, Chaing Mai, Thailand. 10 December 2006. (Not copyright).

11. Foundation for the Better Life of Children (FBLC). Available from: URL: http://www.citizenbase.org/crtools/helement.html

12. Frick, P. J., Christian, R. E. & Wootton, J. M. Age trends in association between parenting practices and conduct problems: Behavior Modification. 1999 Vol.23, No.1, p: 106-128.

13. Guo, G., & Harris, K.M. The mechanisms mediating the effects of poverty on children’s intellectual development: Demography, 37, Population Association of America. 2000 November, p: 431-447.

14. International Labour Organization (ILO) ILO Convention No. 182 Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention. 1999. Available from: URL: http:// www. ilo.org/

public/english/standards/ipec/ratification/convention/text.htm

15. J. Brian Brown & Daniel T. Lichter, Childhood Disadvantage Adolescent Development and Pro-Social Behavior in Early Adulthood. 2005. Advances in Life course research. (Copyright).

16. Kasame Sakonllapap. Yong People in Bangkok, Thailand. 9 November 2006. (Not copyright).

17. Lichter D. T. Poverty and inequality among children, (dissertation). Department of Sociology, Pennsylvania State Univ.; 601 Oswald Tower, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, Annual Review of Sociology, Vol.23, 1997 August, p:121-145.

18. Maha Chakri Sirindhon, H.R.H. Princess. Education of the Disadvantaged: a lecture, the 15th Annual Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Day, (Prasarnmit branch), Bangkok, Thailand, Srinakarinwirot Univ.; 2001 November 12, p: 7-29

19. Mother Elisa Cavana. The Hill Tribes Disadvantaged in Northern, Thailand from Teresa Anusorn Foundation (Ban Teresa), Winag Pa Pow, Chaing Rai. 20-30 October 2006. (Not copyright).

20. Prasarn Ruansang. The disadvantaged children in Channai Himmat, Slum area (Jammu), Jammu & Kashmir State, India. 19 February 2007. (Not copyright).

21. Rose C. C., Glaser, B.A. Calhoun, G.B. & Bates J. M. Assessing the parents of juvenile offenders: A preliminary validation study of the juvenile offender parent questionnaire: Child and Family Behavior Therapy. 2004. Vol.26, January, p: 25-43.

22. UNICEF House. Working Children’s Report. 3 UN Plaza, New York, NY 10017. 2004 ISBN: 92-806-3817-3, p: 2. (Copyright).

23. UNICEP. A child-rights approach on international migration and child trafficking: A UNICEP perspective. 2004. Available from: URL: http://www.un/org/esa/

population/meetings/ thirdcoord2004/P06_UNICEF.pdf -

24. UNESCO. Education and Training strategies for Disadvantaged group in Thailand. 2001. December, International Institute for Educational Planning, p: 55-70. (Copyright).

25. Santi Jongkongka. The disadvantaged children in Jammu. 29 March 2007. (Not copyright).

26. Teacher Chantana Rangsome. Street Children at Khon Khen, Thailand. 5 December 2006. (Not copyright).

27. Zakia Redd, Jennifer Brooks, Ayelish M. McGarvey. Background for Community Level Work on Educational Adjustment in Adolescence: Reviewing the Literature on Contributing Factors. Trends Child. 2001 December, p: 5.

28. Y. N. Sridhar. The disadvantaged children in India. 29 July 2007. (Not copyright).

Hindi Hub Articles


Remember the particular scene from the Hindi movie Munnabhai M.B.B.S (2003), where the Japanese tourist was demanding to see poor and hungry people, whom he would have liked to click on his camera. May be that Japanese tourist was not able to locate them, but for any one coming to or anyone living in India the sight of poor, destitute people is a common sight. Near every religious place, traffic signals, roadside stalls etc. one can see destitute people, especially poor children, either begging or peddling small stuffs. Sometimes one wonders how this is possible. Isn’t the economic prosperity, as reported, percolating down social ladder? Probably our economy is still not married to our society which would have led to the welfare of entire nation and not just of few people who are benefiting from the economic boom. But whatever is the reason or circumstance, a society needs to come up with solution to alleviate the problems of those who are not fortunate enough.

Have anyone noticed the rising number of poor children running about begging, peddling stuffs, working at construction sites or roadside stalls. Why so many children in India meet such fate? Isn’t our government is working and spending enough on child development programs. There are pure economic factors that decide the fate of the children coming from poor families, especially those who are below-the –poverty-line. Like the recent inflation is also forcing the poor parents to take the child out of the school and put them to work, so that little more money could be earned to make the both the ends meet. The children of such families are the most deprived because they are not offered any opportunity to choose about what they have to do.

The state administration as well as the society needs to design child development programs and work for welfare of poor children. The administration is working towards that goal, but in a country like India with over a billion populations, need for social service is required to a greater extent.

Education is the key for future success. If the drop-out rate of students from schools keeps increasing, it would be bad for the future the country. So there is urgent need for setting-up more education societies that would provide free education and other facilities like food, clothes, medicine to the children coming from poor families, so that their families don’t feel the burden of their education. Along with education if some vocational training is provided, these children can have a decent living after their education is complete or they can simultaneously work if the skills that they will develop as result of the provided training. Thus school will sound lucrative option to parents of the poor children to ensure a good future for their kids.

Keeping all these ideas in mind Baba Amar Singh Ji founded Guru Nanak Garib Niwaz Education Society in 2006 for the children of the poor. Here the children coming from poor families are provided free education, food, and study kits which include books, copy, and pen. They are also provided with free medical and transport facilities, and vocational training, thus providing the entire infrastructure needed for child development. The success of the school can be noticed by the rise in the number of students coming to enroll themselves. In 2006 there were just a dozen of students registered which have increased to over 300.

Guru Nanak Garib Niwaz Education Society is a charitable organization. It is an initiative of Nanaksar Thath Isher Darbar, a Global Charitable Organization, initiated by Baba Amar Singh Ji in 1972. Do contribute in this honest work of ours, to make this world a better place.