Archive | September, 2009

Taste the sweetness of a urdu language at a new urdu poetry site – Site Review

Hindi Hub Articles


As i said, this article promotes and review my new site on urdu poetry ” urdu.ucoz.com “.

But before that i would like to tell why i have chose to build a site on this topic. Well my language is urdu, and i can see it on the verge of it’s death in my country india, which is actually it’s birth place. Urdu was the govt’s official language in luckhnow some years back, but today there is no one in those government offices who can read and write urdu. And in other parts of the country too urdu is considered to be a lower language, even by the muslims. Hindus think it is the language of muslims, and surely i can see the time coming when muslims will see it as the language of their ancestors. To show it’s inner beauty and sweetness i made this site, i know my site urdu.ucoz.com is a small effort for such a big task, but better and greater than doing nothing.

Review of urdu.ucoz.com

As i said it is new site, but gives a good stuff for urdu poetry loving poeple.

Currently It has the following sections.

Great poetry:-  in this section you can read the urdu poetry of great legendry poets from olden to present time. This section has every kind of urdu poetry, like sad urdu poetry, funny urdu poetry, romantic urdu poetry since we have included the poetry of various different poets of different tastes. This section is the core section of urdu ghazals to read online on our site. here you can read urdu ghazals just not in urdu but english also. Since urdu ghazals has it’s impact on bollywood too, we will include the urdu ghazals of bollywood movies too. So the poeple who loves the urdu ghazals, sad urdu ghazals, love urdu ghazals may go to this section. bareed’s poetry:- In this section you can read my urdu poetry, my urdu ghazals, sad urdu ghazals. Downloads:- In this section you can free download urdu poetry books. This section contains various books urdu poetry like urdu ghazals books, urdu hamd naats books, urdu rubaayi books, urdu marsiya books, urdu nohe books etc. And we will update this section regularly with more urdu books to download. So go to downloads section to free download urdu poetry books, to download the urdu poetry books on urdu hamd, urdu naats, urdu ghazals, urdu marsiya, urdu nohe, urdu rubaayi etc. urdu forum:- In this section you can read urdu poetry of different categories, it is not similar to the great poetry section, where only the publisher can post the poetry, but here in urdu forum section you too can post your urdu poetry and urdu stories for free. Here you can read urdu hamds, urdu hamds of various ulemas as well as the urdu hamds of famous urdu poets. you too can post your or other poets hamd in this category for free. Read urdu naats in both urdu and english, the urdu naats of various ulemas as well as the urdu naats of famous urdu poets. you too can post your urdu naats or other poets urdu naats for free. you can read sad urdu poetry, love urdu poetry, short urdu stories and submit yours as urdu hamd, urdu naats. So go to this section to read urdu hamd, urdu naats, urdu hamd naats, sad urdu poetry, love urdu poetry and to post the same on the web. wallpapers:- you can download and upload your photos in this section.

so click this link to go to urdu.ucoz.com , and let see yourself urdu is as sweet as honey.



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Kahan Aa Gaye Hum!Kahan Aa Gaye Hum!An account of author's worldwide travels and migration to USA.

The book includes opinions / reviews by the world renowned poets:
Himayat Ali Shair, Mohsin Bhopali, Krishn Bihari Noor, Dr. Pirzada Qasim and Many other known and respected poets and writers.

Posted in Hindi Ghazals0 Comments

Why English To Hindi Translator Is A Must For Your Business

Hindi Hub Articles


In every business knowing more then one language is a must. Doing business with Indian clients implies the need for English to Hindi translator. Because of the many spoken languages and dialects in India, because of the culture and, most of all, because of the business protocol, one has to a translator to run a successful business. This article proposes to present a few tips about business meetings with Indian clients.

Any respected businessman knows that when it comes to doing business with foreigners you must be well documented about their culture and language. India is a very interesting country, first of all because of the large number of languages spoken there. Hindi is the official language of India. When doing business with Indian people you must have some ideas about their business etiquette if you want your relationship to be a very successful one. This is why many companies have felt the need to hire translators.

Indians rather do business with people they know and trust. They are very communicative people and tend to stay close to the person they talk to. In business, they tend to do small talk, finding more about the person they meet and talk less about business, so it is necessary to have the English to Hindi translator next to you. Being a hierarchical society, they appreciate more the elder and well-qualified people.

When attending to a meeting you must present your business card translated to Hindi and treat their business cards with a great respect. Any well-qualified translators will surely advice not to lose your temper in a meeting because Indians are non-confronting and losing your temper may lead to a loss of face. The need for the English to Hindi translator is higher when talking business because the Hindi speaking clients tend to be quite ambiguous letting you read between the lines. This happens because they do not use the word no. They do not want to disappoint you even if they do not quite agree with you.

Learning more about Indian people will surely convince you that it is necessary to have the translator present at any business meeting. This is to show them the required respect and to avoid any misunderstandings. The translator can also teach you a few phrases. The meeting will turn to a real success by showing a great respect towards their traditions and language and by speaking to them in their own language.

A real successful businessman knows that well built relationships are based on trust and respect and it is very important to know how to show them. The English to Hindi translator can teach you how to behave and talk around the people that have a different cultural background than you and how to interpret their own actions and decisions. For a good communication and wonderful results one certainly has to hire a translator.



Hot Hindi Stuff Online:

Dreaming in Hindi: Coming Awake in Another LanguageDreaming in Hindi: Coming Awake in Another Language

An eye-opening and courageous memoir that explores what learning a new language can teach us about distant worlds and, ultimately, ourselves.

 

After miraculously surviving a serious illness, Katherine Rich found herself at an impasse in her career as a magazine editor. She spontaneously accepted a freelance writing assignment to go to India, where she found herself thunderstruck by the place and the language, and before she knew it she was on her way to Udaipur, a city in the northwestern state of Rajasthan, in order to learn Hindi. Rich documents her experiences—ranging from the bizarre to the frightening to the unexpectedly exhilarating—using Hindi as the lens through which she is given a new perspective not only on India, but on the radical way the country and the language itself were changing her. Fascinated by the process, she went on to interview linguistics experts around the world, reporting back from the frontlines of the science wars on what happens in the brain when we learn a new language. She brings both of these experiences together seamlessly in Dreaming in Hindi, a remarkably unique and thoughtful account of self-discovery.

Dreaming in Hindi: Coming Awake in Another LanguageDreaming in Hindi: Coming Awake in Another LanguageAt a time when her life seemed to be crumbling, Katherine Russell Rich took on a writing assignment in India, where she was seduced by the idea of learning to speak Hindi, the language she heard swirling all around her. In a rash moment, she determined she’d go live and study in the ancient city of Udaipur. That decision lead to unexpected reclamation.  In this beautiful and spirited memoir, she documents her experiences, from the bizarre to the frightening to the full-out exhilarating. Seamlessly combining her courageous (and often hilarious) personal journey with reporting on the science of language acquisition, Dreaming in Hindi offers an eye-opening account of what learning a new tongue can teach us about distant worlds and, ultimately, about ourselves.

Sketches from My Past: Encounters with India's Oppressed (Hindi Edition)This is a translation of Mahadevi Varma's 'Ateet Ke Chalchitra' by Neera Kuckreja Sohoni. Includes case studies with poor Indians, mostly women.
Mahadevi Varma: Political Essays on Women, Culture, and NationMahadevi Varma: Political Essays on Women, Culture, and NationThis edited volume of translations covers the major political essays of India's first feminist Hindi poet. A devout follower and advocate of Gandhi, Mahadevi Varma is a household name in India and is a major woman of letters in the modern Hindi world. The essays collected in this volume represent some of Mahadevi Varma’s most famous writings on the “woman question” in India. The collection also includes an introduction to her life, with biographical notes, an analysis of her importance in the field of Hindi letters, as well as a selection of her poems – these latter because Mahadevi Varma made her mark in the world of Hindi literature through her poetry, and a volume of translations would be incomplete without a sampling of them. The introduction to the translated volume sketches Mahadevi Varma's life and work and her significance to both the development of modern standard Hindi as well as to the nascent women's movement underway in the 1920s in India. Little scholarly attention has been given in the academy outside of India to Varma’s numerous contributions to women’s education, to the development of modern standard Hindi, and to political thought during the Independence movement in late-colonial India. This volume of translations engages themes like language and nationalism, women’s roles as artists, the politics of motherhood and marriage—themes that continue to be relevant to women’s lives in contemporary India and to movements for women’s rights outside India as well. This volume of translations of Mahadevi Varma’s feminist political essays is the first of its kind. While some of these essays, especially those from Mahadevi Varma’s Hamari Shrinkhala Ki Kariyan collection have been translated by Neera K. Sohoni and published under the title Links in the Chain (Katha, 2003), there is no sustained treatment of Varma’s political thinking in one, accessible volume. While there is ample work on Varma in Hindi, scholars of feminism (and students of Hindi who are in the nascent stages of language acquisition) have nowhere to turn for a comprehensive sampling of her work. Mahadevi Varma is also one of the most difficult writers to access even for trained scholars of Hindi language and literature. Her highly Sanskritized diction and her stylized prose sketches make her work a pleasure to read in the original but daunting to translate into English. This volume has contributions from some of the most highly regarded Hindi experts. In the editor’s introduction to the volume of translations a brief biographical sketch followed by an analysis of the political climate of Northern India has been provided so that the reader unfamiliar with India of the 1920s-1940s will have the necessary historical context to place her work. The introduction to the volume also raises the issue of why she gave up writing poetry and turned solely to writing prose when she became involved with the movements for women’s rights and national independence. Finally, the volume provides feminist cultural historians a rich archive of how Indian women like Mahadevi Varma were actively negotiating their lives as women, activists, artists, teachers, and married women. This work will be of use to scholars of Hindi language and literature in the US/European academy and should be of interest to cultural and feminist historians of modern India. This volume will introduce Mahadevi Varma’s literary scope to an English-speaking audience, and will serve as a reference for feminist historians of the nationalist period in the Indian subcontinent.
Poetry, Politics and Culture: Essays on Indian Texts and ContextsPoetry, Politics and Culture: Essays on Indian Texts and Contexts

This book maps the journey of the Indian poetic imagination—in Hindi, Panjabi and Indian English—from its original quasi-spiritual longings to its activist interventions in the public domain. As Indian poetry of the post-1990s gravitates towards a non-Orientalised postcolonial nationalism, it seeks to rewrite and disseminate the shifting coordinates of nationalist imagination in terms of the dissent of the subaltern discontents of the nation.

The book is interdisciplinary: it studies Indian poetry from the new emerging imperatives of postcolonialism, new historiography (subaltern, dalit and diasporas), nationalism, and cultural studies. Covering the two major north Indian languages—Hindi and Punjabi—along with poetry in Indian English, the book is a close textual study of about 150 poetry collections in these languages. It is path-breaking in its study of secular poetry written in the so-called vernaculars, with critical attention to its participation in the political as well as cultural processes of nation-making.

This cutting-edge book should be of interest to scholars of Indian writings in English, Hindi and Panjabi, gender studies, dalit and diaspora studies, postcolonial poetry and to students reading South Asian literature and culture.

Language Versus Dialect: Linguistic and Literary Essays on Hindi, Tamil and SarnamiIndia has a multiplicity of languages and dialects. Papers in this volume present a variegated overview of the problem relative to two great literary languages,Hindi(including Sarnami) and Tamil. From a methodological point of view they represent a description of different linguistic and literacy aspects and problems.

Posted in Hindi Essay0 Comments

Canada: The Place To Make That First Step In Your Business Career

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The third of the biggest financial center in North America is actually located in Toronto, Canada. Consequently, Canada has been one of the more progressive countries that boast off its stable economy. Canada offers diverse business opportunities equaling to other international cities like London and New York. Toronto ranked as the 14th among the other countries in the globe as being the best place to live and to have an education.

Canada is home to different top management and business schools such as Haskayne School of Business in University of Calgary, HEC Montreal, Richard Ivey School of Business in Western University of Ontario, John Molson School of Business in Concordia University, McGill’s University Faculty of Management, Rotman’s Business School in University of Toronto, Sauder School of Business in University of British Columbia, and Schulich School of Business in York University. The aforementioned business schools are the top 9 business schools in Canada. These business schools are internationally accredited by different prime accreditation institutions and ranks among the top business schools and MBA programs in the world.

Aside from the world-class large-scale business schools, Canada also offers small-scale schools with almost the same quality with that of local universities. Different students can choose in the wide array of business schools according to their preference including the location of the school, atmosphere and space as well as varying school fees.

Canada’s MBA programs are ideal for people from all parts of the globe. This is mainly because Canada business schools can accommodate students with diverse racial backgrounds. Most business schools in Canada offers French and Spanish MBA programs. The International MBA program of Schulich allows students to develop the other major global business languages German, Japanese and Mandarin. Regional languages such as Portugese, Hindi, Tagalog, Korean, Cantonese, Serbo-Croatian and Russian have also been included. This only shows that quality education knows no racial boundaries.

Canada is home to a myriad of international companies, an MBA education will surely take ones career to the next level. Canada offers a multicultural type of education to accommodate students with different nationalities who seeks their dream in business. The exposure to varying cultures gives students a global perspective and takes part in their professional and personal development.

Studying and taking an MBA program in Canada is highly recommended by different international institutions. The country promotes a good quality of living condition, remarkable education, top of the line health care, and notable safety and security. The country is rich in different heritages and a culture that people all around the world will surely enjoy.

Canada is a place that is conducive to learning on a global perspective. The way of life in is perfect in catering to different nationalities mainly its offers a number of institutions that can accommodate the growing need of students for quality learning. Canada is home to a booming business industry that makes it the perfect place to start a business education, and consequently, a thriving business career.



Hot Hindi Stuff Online:

The Bhagavad Gita (Penguin Classics)The Bhagavad Gita (Penguin Classics)The eighteen chapters of The Bhagavad Gita (c. 500 b.c.), the glory of Sanskrit literature, encompass the whole spiritual struggle of a human soul. Its three central themes-love, light, and life-arise from the symphonic vision of God in all things and of all things in God.

Translated by Juan Mascaró
Introduction by Simon Brodbeck
The New Sciences of Religion: Exploring Spirituality from the Outside In and Bottom UpThe New Sciences of Religion: Exploring Spirituality from the Outside In and Bottom Up

The New Sciences of Religion is a critical analysis of new scientific research on religious and spiritual phenomena. William Grassie takes a two-staged phenomenological approach working from the “outside in” and the “bottom up” without privileging at the outset any religious traditions or philosophical assumptions. Using insights from economics, evolutionary psychology, the neurosciences, and medicine, Grassie develops a complex and multifaceted understanding of religion as potentially functional and dysfunctional in specific contexts, differentially so for individuals and groups. The New Sciences of Religion then asks what in religion and spirituality might also be true and profound when our received traditions are reinterpreted in light of contemporary sciences. In contrast to the New Atheists, Grassie argues for a concept of God-by-whatever-name that is fully compatible with contemporary science and the reinterpretation of traditional religions. In the end, there is no grand unified theory of religion and none of the many scientific explanations of religion preclude that religions have intuited, experienced, and discovered true and profound insights into the nature of ultimate reality and human existence. This is an original and compelling scientific interpretation of religion and also a religious interpretation of science that will challenge and delight students and scholars alike.

Revolt! The Next Great Transformation from Kleptocracy Capitalism to Libertarian Socialism through Counter Ideology, Societal Education, & Direct ActionRevolt! The Next Great Transformation from Kleptocracy Capitalism to Libertarian Socialism through Counter Ideology, Societal Education, & Direct ActionChampioning counter ideology, societal education, and direct action professor Asimakopoulos develops a theory to action model for working class movement building toward societies based on self-organization and self-direction. Revolt! begins with an analysis of the 2008 economic collapse showing how neoliberal globalization is intensifying capitalism's contradictions resulting in perpetual crises affecting workers. By looking at the labor and civil rights movements it then demonstrates meaningful working class gains were obtained through high levels of class conflict made possible by radical leaders and ideology, class-consciousness and solidarity through societal education, and even rebellion. Now, argues professor Asimakopoulos, social justice can only be achieved through a new movement which, short of the immediate overthrow of capitalism, can obtain with direct action specific working class victories that will set in motion evolutionary radical change. One strategic proposal is demanding corporate boards of directors only include community and labor representatives. Revolt! will be of most interest to workers, activists, college students, and scholars, as well as anyone interested in the practical side of radical anarchism, Marxism, and social movements.
Ask Your Science Teacher: Answers to Everyday Questions: Things you always wanted to know about how the world works.Ask Your Science Teacher: Answers to Everyday Questions: Things you always wanted to know about how the world works.Curiosity stirs the soul of every human. Who has not wondered about how the human body works? Can a person drink too much water? How does gravity make things fall? Why do sunflowers always face the sun. What about a man flying with wings? How big would those wings have to be? How tall can a human grow? Why are tennis balls fuzzy? What happens to the white when snow melts? What does Einstein's famous equation really mean? Why can't we invent a time machine? Do aliens live among us? What is heavy water? Why is it quiet after a snowfall? Why do dogs drool? How risky is driving a car? Mysteries lurk in our house, our body, the outdoors, in the heavens, and the universe. Over 250 "I always wondered about that" questions and answers are in this book. Larry Scheckel has taught high school science for over 38 years and writes a weekly science column for the local newspaper. Known as Mr. Science, Larry Scheckel has given science presentations to thousands of children and adults across the United States. He has been a "full house" presenter at conventions and science seminars. Mr. Science has thrilled audiences for over 35 years with amazing science demonstrations to audiences from kindergarten to adults. Browse the contents of this book and enjoy an entertaining and thoughtful look at how our world works. Discover the secrets of life's most baffling mysteries.
A History of RussiaA History of RussiaWidely acclaimed as the best one-volume survey text available, A History of Russia presents the whole span of Russia's history, from the origins of the Kievan state and the building of an empire, to Soviet Russia, the successor states, and beyond. Drawing on both primary sources and major interpretive works, this sixth edition updates its existing coverage of the social, economic, cultural, political and miliary events of Russia's past and includes a new chapter on the post-Gorbachev era as well as helpful updated biblipgraphies and reading source lists.
Examining contemporary issues such as the rise of Yeltsin, the nationalities question, and Russia's attempts to market capitalism, this sixth edition takes the study of Russia straight into the new millennium, continuing A History of Russia's nearly forty-year track record as the leader in the field.
Race and Class Matters at an Elite CollegeRace and Class Matters at an Elite College

In Race and Class Matters at an Elite College, Elizabeth Aries provides a rare glimpse into the challenges faced by black and white college students from widely different class backgrounds as they come to live together as freshmen. Based on an intensive study Aries conducted with 58 students at Amherst College during the 2005-2006 academic year, this book offers a uniquely personal look at the day-to-day thoughts and feelings of students as they experience racial and economic diversity firsthand, some for the first time.

Through online questionnaires and face-to-face interviews, Aries followed four groups of students throughout their first year of college: affluent whites, affluent blacks, less financially advantaged whites from families with more limited education, and less financially advantaged blacks from the same background. Drawing heavily on the voices of these freshmen, Aries chronicles what they learned from racial and class diversity—and what colleges might do to help their students learn more.

Posted in Hindi Colleges and Universities0 Comments

Discover the Healing Power of Gemstones and Crystals

Hindi Hub Articles


Did ancient Egyptians, Mayans, and early Hindis know something about the healing power of gemstones and crystals that we don’t? Ancient sages of civilizations long gone believed in the power of a gemstone, which was thought to heal the body upon which it was placed.

Nowadays, when people hear about “stones that heal,” many instantly dismiss the notion, chalking it up to fiction. However, despite there being no scientific basis supporting gemstone healing, the fact is that many in the modern world rave about the healing power of gemstones.

The idea behind the healing power of gemstones and crystals is that the energy fields of the body – the physical, the emotional, the mental, and the astral bodies – need to be in harmony with universal energy. Every single stone, as well as living being, being a natural product of the earth, has its own frequency to which it “vibrates.” When the vibrations between stone and body are in harmony, they create more positive vibrations, healing the body physically, emotionally, and spiritually.

The idea and rationale behind this sort of healing is that “positive energy is everywhere, so why should we not believe in the fact that some other body can emit this sort of positive energy to heal us?” The healing process may not be overtly apparent, but many healers and mystics believe in the healing power of gemstones.

In order to achieve the desired effect, many massage therapists, Reiki and healing touch practitioners use the healing power of gemstones and crystals to aid in their therapy. They place the necessary gems on key areas of their client’s body. The stones may also be placed at the seven main energy or chakra points; so that the balance of energy becomes positive again. The healer may also hold the gemstone in his or her hand or place it in their client’s hand, depending on the technique used.

There are several different stones used for healing the main energy centers. They are said to correspond with the different colored chakras of the body. Every single chakra has one specific color allocated to it. Placing the corresponding colored gemstone at the right chakra is supposed to help balance the body’s energy field, effectively neutralizing any negative energy.

Healers use quartz crystals and gemstones, like topaz, citrine, tiger’s eye and jade. These natural healing stones are recognized for their healing properties. You may find stones for sale over the internet from reputable dealers or at your local New Age bookstore.

You may want to use healing crystals to neutralize the negative vibrations in your workplace, if needed. You may just want to wear a gemstone or carry it in your pocket, so that you always have the power of positive vibrations with you wherever you go. Not only may these gemstones heal, but they are also supposed to protect you from harm.

Though the healing power of gemstones and crystals may be considered a mystical mystery, remember that the brilliant scientist, Albert Einstein, was a major proponent of the power of energy and energy fields. Do a bit of exploring and discover if the mysticism of healing stones will spark magic for you.



Hot Hindi Stuff Online:

The Bhagavad Gita (Penguin Classics)The Bhagavad Gita (Penguin Classics)The eighteen chapters of The Bhagavad Gita (c. 500 b.c.), the glory of Sanskrit literature, encompass the whole spiritual struggle of a human soul. Its three central themes-love, light, and life-arise from the symphonic vision of God in all things and of all things in God.

Translated by Juan Mascaró
Introduction by Simon Brodbeck
The New Sciences of Religion: Exploring Spirituality from the Outside In and Bottom UpThe New Sciences of Religion: Exploring Spirituality from the Outside In and Bottom Up

The New Sciences of Religion is a critical analysis of new scientific research on religious and spiritual phenomena. William Grassie takes a two-staged phenomenological approach working from the “outside in” and the “bottom up” without privileging at the outset any religious traditions or philosophical assumptions. Using insights from economics, evolutionary psychology, the neurosciences, and medicine, Grassie develops a complex and multifaceted understanding of religion as potentially functional and dysfunctional in specific contexts, differentially so for individuals and groups. The New Sciences of Religion then asks what in religion and spirituality might also be true and profound when our received traditions are reinterpreted in light of contemporary sciences. In contrast to the New Atheists, Grassie argues for a concept of God-by-whatever-name that is fully compatible with contemporary science and the reinterpretation of traditional religions. In the end, there is no grand unified theory of religion and none of the many scientific explanations of religion preclude that religions have intuited, experienced, and discovered true and profound insights into the nature of ultimate reality and human existence. This is an original and compelling scientific interpretation of religion and also a religious interpretation of science that will challenge and delight students and scholars alike.

Revolt! The Next Great Transformation from Kleptocracy Capitalism to Libertarian Socialism through Counter Ideology, Societal Education, & Direct ActionRevolt! The Next Great Transformation from Kleptocracy Capitalism to Libertarian Socialism through Counter Ideology, Societal Education, & Direct ActionChampioning counter ideology, societal education, and direct action professor Asimakopoulos develops a theory to action model for working class movement building toward societies based on self-organization and self-direction. Revolt! begins with an analysis of the 2008 economic collapse showing how neoliberal globalization is intensifying capitalism's contradictions resulting in perpetual crises affecting workers. By looking at the labor and civil rights movements it then demonstrates meaningful working class gains were obtained through high levels of class conflict made possible by radical leaders and ideology, class-consciousness and solidarity through societal education, and even rebellion. Now, argues professor Asimakopoulos, social justice can only be achieved through a new movement which, short of the immediate overthrow of capitalism, can obtain with direct action specific working class victories that will set in motion evolutionary radical change. One strategic proposal is demanding corporate boards of directors only include community and labor representatives. Revolt! will be of most interest to workers, activists, college students, and scholars, as well as anyone interested in the practical side of radical anarchism, Marxism, and social movements.
Ask Your Science Teacher: Answers to Everyday Questions: Things you always wanted to know about how the world works.Ask Your Science Teacher: Answers to Everyday Questions: Things you always wanted to know about how the world works.Curiosity stirs the soul of every human. Who has not wondered about how the human body works? Can a person drink too much water? How does gravity make things fall? Why do sunflowers always face the sun. What about a man flying with wings? How big would those wings have to be? How tall can a human grow? Why are tennis balls fuzzy? What happens to the white when snow melts? What does Einstein's famous equation really mean? Why can't we invent a time machine? Do aliens live among us? What is heavy water? Why is it quiet after a snowfall? Why do dogs drool? How risky is driving a car? Mysteries lurk in our house, our body, the outdoors, in the heavens, and the universe. Over 250 "I always wondered about that" questions and answers are in this book. Larry Scheckel has taught high school science for over 38 years and writes a weekly science column for the local newspaper. Known as Mr. Science, Larry Scheckel has given science presentations to thousands of children and adults across the United States. He has been a "full house" presenter at conventions and science seminars. Mr. Science has thrilled audiences for over 35 years with amazing science demonstrations to audiences from kindergarten to adults. Browse the contents of this book and enjoy an entertaining and thoughtful look at how our world works. Discover the secrets of life's most baffling mysteries.
A History of RussiaA History of RussiaWidely acclaimed as the best one-volume survey text available, A History of Russia presents the whole span of Russia's history, from the origins of the Kievan state and the building of an empire, to Soviet Russia, the successor states, and beyond. Drawing on both primary sources and major interpretive works, this sixth edition updates its existing coverage of the social, economic, cultural, political and miliary events of Russia's past and includes a new chapter on the post-Gorbachev era as well as helpful updated biblipgraphies and reading source lists.
Examining contemporary issues such as the rise of Yeltsin, the nationalities question, and Russia's attempts to market capitalism, this sixth edition takes the study of Russia straight into the new millennium, continuing A History of Russia's nearly forty-year track record as the leader in the field.
Race and Class Matters at an Elite CollegeRace and Class Matters at an Elite College

In Race and Class Matters at an Elite College, Elizabeth Aries provides a rare glimpse into the challenges faced by black and white college students from widely different class backgrounds as they come to live together as freshmen. Based on an intensive study Aries conducted with 58 students at Amherst College during the 2005-2006 academic year, this book offers a uniquely personal look at the day-to-day thoughts and feelings of students as they experience racial and economic diversity firsthand, some for the first time.

Through online questionnaires and face-to-face interviews, Aries followed four groups of students throughout their first year of college: affluent whites, affluent blacks, less financially advantaged whites from families with more limited education, and less financially advantaged blacks from the same background. Drawing heavily on the voices of these freshmen, Aries chronicles what they learned from racial and class diversity—and what colleges might do to help their students learn more.

Posted in Hindi Colleges and Universities0 Comments

How to Choose a Mri and Ct Service Provider

Hindi Hub Articles


The decision to purchase your medical imaging equipment involved a substantial investment of time, planning and money, but that equipment quickly became the lifeblood of your operation. Once the initial warranty is up, you face an equally difficult decision: who will service that equipment?

The cost of choosing the OEM to offer service coverage is beyond the budget of many facilities and they turn to independent service companies for information. The lesson quickly learned is that NOT ALL SERVICE COMPANIES ARE CREATED EQUAL. The question for many medical professionals, then, is how to identify the right service company.

To start with, I suggest that you ask a lot of questions of any service company that you contact. Not all companies are suited to your needs, and I would like to give you a list of tried-and-true screening tools for evaluating a potential service provider.

Top 10 criteria for choosing a Service Company:

1. Qualified Service Personnel: The heart of the service company is its knowledge and experience. You want to choose a company that employs its own qualified personnel to service your equipment. Avoid working with companies that primarily subcontracts your system repairs to others. Qualified service companies should be able to provide you with complete service reports for your records.

2. Qualified pool of replacement parts on hand and expedited part delivery: Companies that are short on inventory will waste your precious scanning time sourcing parts to cover their service obligation, or by trying to repair components on-site instead of installing good ones. At a minimum, parts should be delivered to your site by the next AM via courier. Parts repair should be done in a qualified facility off site.

3. Original Test Equipment and tools: Your systems will need calibration by trained personnel using qualified test equipment. The right test equipment can cost hundreds of thousands of dollars. Beware if the service provider is trying to cut-corners by using some non-qualified test equipment to work on your expensive system. Ask if a service company has qualified test equipment.

4. Availability of live response to your service needs: When you need to talk to a knowledgeable person about your system you should have access to that person within minutes. Voice mail and answering machines are NOT acceptable in the Customer Service world. Always insist that you can dial one number and get a live person that will connect you with the right person to answer your questions.

5. On-time service delivery: Systems will go down and you will need specific answers about repair times and work schedule. Once you place a request for service you should have answers about the engineer’s time of arrival, number of hours needed for troubleshooting, schedule for parts arrival (if any) and your system’s uptime.

6. Up-time guarantees: Locking a service company to a service contract will eliminate your risk in case of any component failure; you should also make sure your service company will commit to an uptime guarantee. This will give you peace of mind that your service company is sparing no effort m maintaining your system’s reliability, while expediting repair time.

7. Availability of telephone and on-site technical support: A qualified service company will always employ qualified technical support level engineers to help fix problems over the telephone. It is to your advantage that the technical specialist receives accurate information about the problem and service issues. Telephone support may help bring your system up faster so can scan more patients.

8. Reasonable prices and no hidden charges: Service costs should be clear and understood upfront. No hidden charges should be imposed on your service bill.

9. Liability Insurance: always ask for a certificate of liability insurance to be provided by the service company in your name. This certificate should shift the responsibility from you to the service provider in the event of injury of any service personnel while on your site.

10. Request References: Ask the service company to provide you a list of customers that will attest to the provider’s service delivery and integrity.

As a side note, it makes a difference when you deal with a service sales individual who has an actual MRI and CT service background. He/She will have a better understanding of your issues and will be able to answer questions regarding the service delivery of the company and stand behind all promises made to maximize your systems’ uptime.



Hot Hindi Stuff Online:

Kahan Aa Gaye Hum!Kahan Aa Gaye Hum!An account of author's worldwide travels and migration to USA.

The book includes opinions / reviews by the world renowned poets:
Himayat Ali Shair, Mohsin Bhopali, Krishn Bihari Noor, Dr. Pirzada Qasim and Many other known and respected poets and writers.

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First Annual Hindi’s

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The Hindi’s

The NBA season is less than a month away. The First Annual Hindi’s are here to predict the winners of some very important awards.

Most Valuable Player: LeBron James – Now that Kobe doesn’t have the “Best player to not win the MVP” argument going for him, he will lose a lot of attention nationally. James is on a mediocre team and always turns it into a contender. I will devote a full article to the MVP race, but LeBron is always the guy to beat to begin the season.

Coach of the Year: Sam Mitchell – The COY Award is always a little screwy. Whichever team is not expected to perform well, but then suddenly does, the coach is awarded. I guess that makes sense, but it should be combined with the Trainer of the Year Award for keeping the players healthy.

Rookie of the Year: Michael Beasely – Most of the top rookies are paired with another rookie who could get consideration for the ROY and steal some consideration. Greg Oden and Rudy Fernandez with Portland. Marc Gasol and O.J. Mayo on Memphis. Beasely was impressive in the Summer League and the Heat are poised for a great turnaround season.

Under-Appreciated Tandem Award: Caron Butler and Antawn Jamison – Everyone talks about Gilbert Arenas and his constant injury concerns, but the Wizards were better when Arenas is wearing a suit and watching. Butler and Jamison are both legit stars and if management would try to build a team around them, Washington could finally knock off Cleveland.

Newcomer of the Year: Elton Brand – If Brand had stayed in L.A., the Clippers would be a contender in the West. Now on a playoff team in the East, Brand should make a huge impact. His low post game combined with the confidence of Andre Iguodala, the Sixers will be tough to match-up with.

Drama Queen of the Year: Lamar Odom – Now that Kobe is happy, theoretically, Lamar Odom is peeved that he might lose his starting spot to Trevor Ariza who has been impressive in limited action. Ariza is not better than Odom, but having Odom come off the bench would make him the main man with the second unit. But Odom has been watching too much “The Hills” and thought, “What would Spencer do?” Throwing a fit that should be a constant distraction is the only right answer.

6th Man of the Year: Grant Hill – Manu Ginobili is hurt so this race opens up and now that teams are starting to delegate a starter to the second string to lead the younger players. Hill is surrounded by talented, experienced players and won’t need to over-work for his numbers.

Most Awkward Potential Headlines Award: Kevin Love – Check out this gem from NBA.com, “Love Making Early Good Impressions With Wolves”. Now, is it the Love making or the Love making early that is causing the good impressions with Wolves? These are the problems that ensue with the last name of Love. I guess it’s just a good thing he was traded off of Rudy Gay’s team.

Vein Popping Award:  Kevin Garnett – His intensity is unrivaled on this planet.  Anyone who seriously poses the, “Will the Celtics still have the drive?” question, has never seen KG play consistently.  I would feel bad for the guy who refs his kids soccer games.  Garnett on the sideline pacing and pounding his chest as a 6-year-old scores a goal, that’s too much to handle.



Hot Hindi Stuff Online:

Dreaming in Hindi: Coming Awake in Another LanguageDreaming in Hindi: Coming Awake in Another Language

An eye-opening and courageous memoir that explores what learning a new language can teach us about distant worlds and, ultimately, ourselves.

 

After miraculously surviving a serious illness, Katherine Rich found herself at an impasse in her career as a magazine editor. She spontaneously accepted a freelance writing assignment to go to India, where she found herself thunderstruck by the place and the language, and before she knew it she was on her way to Udaipur, a city in the northwestern state of Rajasthan, in order to learn Hindi. Rich documents her experiences—ranging from the bizarre to the frightening to the unexpectedly exhilarating—using Hindi as the lens through which she is given a new perspective not only on India, but on the radical way the country and the language itself were changing her. Fascinated by the process, she went on to interview linguistics experts around the world, reporting back from the frontlines of the science wars on what happens in the brain when we learn a new language. She brings both of these experiences together seamlessly in Dreaming in Hindi, a remarkably unique and thoughtful account of self-discovery.

Dreaming in Hindi: Coming Awake in Another LanguageDreaming in Hindi: Coming Awake in Another LanguageAt a time when her life seemed to be crumbling, Katherine Russell Rich took on a writing assignment in India, where she was seduced by the idea of learning to speak Hindi, the language she heard swirling all around her. In a rash moment, she determined she’d go live and study in the ancient city of Udaipur. That decision lead to unexpected reclamation.  In this beautiful and spirited memoir, she documents her experiences, from the bizarre to the frightening to the full-out exhilarating. Seamlessly combining her courageous (and often hilarious) personal journey with reporting on the science of language acquisition, Dreaming in Hindi offers an eye-opening account of what learning a new tongue can teach us about distant worlds and, ultimately, about ourselves.

Sketches from My Past: Encounters with India's Oppressed (Hindi Edition)This is a translation of Mahadevi Varma's 'Ateet Ke Chalchitra' by Neera Kuckreja Sohoni. Includes case studies with poor Indians, mostly women.
Mahadevi Varma: Political Essays on Women, Culture, and NationMahadevi Varma: Political Essays on Women, Culture, and NationThis edited volume of translations covers the major political essays of India's first feminist Hindi poet. A devout follower and advocate of Gandhi, Mahadevi Varma is a household name in India and is a major woman of letters in the modern Hindi world. The essays collected in this volume represent some of Mahadevi Varma’s most famous writings on the “woman question” in India. The collection also includes an introduction to her life, with biographical notes, an analysis of her importance in the field of Hindi letters, as well as a selection of her poems – these latter because Mahadevi Varma made her mark in the world of Hindi literature through her poetry, and a volume of translations would be incomplete without a sampling of them. The introduction to the translated volume sketches Mahadevi Varma's life and work and her significance to both the development of modern standard Hindi as well as to the nascent women's movement underway in the 1920s in India. Little scholarly attention has been given in the academy outside of India to Varma’s numerous contributions to women’s education, to the development of modern standard Hindi, and to political thought during the Independence movement in late-colonial India. This volume of translations engages themes like language and nationalism, women’s roles as artists, the politics of motherhood and marriage—themes that continue to be relevant to women’s lives in contemporary India and to movements for women’s rights outside India as well. This volume of translations of Mahadevi Varma’s feminist political essays is the first of its kind. While some of these essays, especially those from Mahadevi Varma’s Hamari Shrinkhala Ki Kariyan collection have been translated by Neera K. Sohoni and published under the title Links in the Chain (Katha, 2003), there is no sustained treatment of Varma’s political thinking in one, accessible volume. While there is ample work on Varma in Hindi, scholars of feminism (and students of Hindi who are in the nascent stages of language acquisition) have nowhere to turn for a comprehensive sampling of her work. Mahadevi Varma is also one of the most difficult writers to access even for trained scholars of Hindi language and literature. Her highly Sanskritized diction and her stylized prose sketches make her work a pleasure to read in the original but daunting to translate into English. This volume has contributions from some of the most highly regarded Hindi experts. In the editor’s introduction to the volume of translations a brief biographical sketch followed by an analysis of the political climate of Northern India has been provided so that the reader unfamiliar with India of the 1920s-1940s will have the necessary historical context to place her work. The introduction to the volume also raises the issue of why she gave up writing poetry and turned solely to writing prose when she became involved with the movements for women’s rights and national independence. Finally, the volume provides feminist cultural historians a rich archive of how Indian women like Mahadevi Varma were actively negotiating their lives as women, activists, artists, teachers, and married women. This work will be of use to scholars of Hindi language and literature in the US/European academy and should be of interest to cultural and feminist historians of modern India. This volume will introduce Mahadevi Varma’s literary scope to an English-speaking audience, and will serve as a reference for feminist historians of the nationalist period in the Indian subcontinent.
Poetry, Politics and Culture: Essays on Indian Texts and ContextsPoetry, Politics and Culture: Essays on Indian Texts and Contexts

This book maps the journey of the Indian poetic imagination—in Hindi, Panjabi and Indian English—from its original quasi-spiritual longings to its activist interventions in the public domain. As Indian poetry of the post-1990s gravitates towards a non-Orientalised postcolonial nationalism, it seeks to rewrite and disseminate the shifting coordinates of nationalist imagination in terms of the dissent of the subaltern discontents of the nation.

The book is interdisciplinary: it studies Indian poetry from the new emerging imperatives of postcolonialism, new historiography (subaltern, dalit and diasporas), nationalism, and cultural studies. Covering the two major north Indian languages—Hindi and Punjabi—along with poetry in Indian English, the book is a close textual study of about 150 poetry collections in these languages. It is path-breaking in its study of secular poetry written in the so-called vernaculars, with critical attention to its participation in the political as well as cultural processes of nation-making.

This cutting-edge book should be of interest to scholars of Indian writings in English, Hindi and Panjabi, gender studies, dalit and diaspora studies, postcolonial poetry and to students reading South Asian literature and culture.

Language Versus Dialect: Linguistic and Literary Essays on Hindi, Tamil and SarnamiIndia has a multiplicity of languages and dialects. Papers in this volume present a variegated overview of the problem relative to two great literary languages,Hindi(including Sarnami) and Tamil. From a methodological point of view they represent a description of different linguistic and literacy aspects and problems.

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Entertaining The People Through Different Movies

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FUN AND ENTERTAINMENT

ENTERTAINING THE PEOPLE THROUGH DIFFERENT MOVIES

After a long work we want to take rest and relax our self and make free from every thing. I found one of the best things is

Fun and Entertainment the name behind is to entertain us by movies in which different Film star & Playback Singer, Brand Management, Corporate Shows, Website Design & Development, Event Management, Celebrity Management, Product Launches, Fashion Show, Orchestra, Ghazals, Media Services, Foreign Artist, Internet Marketing,etc.national and international film movies entertain the people and to satisfy them.

MUSIC PLAYS A KEY ROLE IN OUR DAILY LIFE

Music is one of the most beautiful things that we can feel through our hearts. Music is played by different instrument such as piano, guitar etc.the instruments played by the different people make us to entertain and feel relax from your daily works. Music played by different Playback Singer entertains you and feel that we are in other world for some time.

DIFFERENT MUSIC ENTERTAINED TO THE PEOPLE THROUGH ONLINE

Music may be either classical or pop music .depending on the people choice the music is entertained to you at your door step through online. And now certain free discount coupons available to you through online.

Fun and Entertainment the name behind is to entertain us by movies in which different Film star & Playback Singer, Brand Management, Corporate Shows, Website Design & Development, Event Management, Celebrity Management, Product Launches, Fashion Show, Orchestra, Ghazals, Media Services, Foreign Artist, Internet Marketing,etc.national and international film movies entertain the people and to satisfy them.

I found one of the best sources to make people free from their work and relax them by entertaining them. One of the best site I had visited is deals365.us



Hot Hindi Stuff Online:

Kahan Aa Gaye Hum!Kahan Aa Gaye Hum!An account of author's worldwide travels and migration to USA.

The book includes opinions / reviews by the world renowned poets:
Himayat Ali Shair, Mohsin Bhopali, Krishn Bihari Noor, Dr. Pirzada Qasim and Many other known and respected poets and writers.

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Sonal Mansingh & Pankaj Udhas to Storm Mumbai

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Mumbai, The Ninth Annual Legends of India Sangeet Festival shall present the nostalgic “Chithi Aayee Hai” velvet voiced Pankaj Udhas. The Ghazal singer almost considered to be in oblivion from the music world for his extraordinary contribution towards philanthropic attributes to Cancer Patients Aid society, parents Thalassemia Unit, Spastic Society of India and MIND. Pankaj Udhas shall once again present his mesmerizing ghazals for the Mumbai music lovers.

Joining him well is the master of Odissi and Bharatnatyam, two of the oldest and the richest dance styles in India, Sona Mansingh. Honored with Padma Vibhushan, the second highest civilian honour, Sonal will be seen on the Mumbai stage after a long interval. Sonal Mansingh has choreographed many dances based on Indian mythology as well as contemporary issues the most recent one was her choreography and performance of “NAVA DURGA” on the occasion of ‘Mahalaya’ in Kolkata conceptualized by Legends of India.

Come and live the legendary performances and witness another landmark in our illustrious creative history.Legends of India was conceived in 1999, in an attempt to nurture Indian art forms, promote India’s cultural heritage and its rich traditions of Music, Fine Arts and Theatre and create awareness among the GENEXT. Legends of India aims to create an Institution of Culture with an auditorium, library for mutual exchange programs in India and abroad, impart the knowledge of rich Indian art forms and provide educational amenities implementing Guru Shishya Parampara.

LOI from its inception has groomed and nurtured young talent and provided them a platform to display their skills and arts. At the same time the ‘Legends of India Lifetime Achievement Award’ was introduced in order to honor an accomplished artist for his unrelenting effort in promoting traditional art forms be it Sangeet, Theatre and Fine Arts.

Since 1999, LOI has presented doyens of Classical music Pt. Jasraj, Pt. Bhimsen Joshi, Dr. Kishori Amonkar, Pt. Hariprasad Chaurasia, Shiv Kumar Sharma, Girija Devi, Pt. Ajoy Chakraborty, Rajan and Sajan Mishra, Parween Sultana, Ghulam Ali, Hariharan, Farida Khanum, Louis Banks, and Sivamani among others.

The Legends of India Festivals have become part of the cultural calendar of Delhi and Mumbai. Artists and music lovers equally look forward to these prestigious festivals. Today, this festival has taken on a National Stature. The Kolkata Festival in April 2007 Kolkata is yet another milestone adding to the calendar of Legends of India.

Legends of India presents Padma Vibhushan Sonal Mansingh and Ghazal Maestro Pankaj Udhas on Friday November 02, 2007, 6: 30 pm at Nehru Centre Auditorium, Worli, Mumbai.



Hot Hindi Stuff Online:

Kahan Aa Gaye Hum!Kahan Aa Gaye Hum!An account of author's worldwide travels and migration to USA.

The book includes opinions / reviews by the world renowned poets:
Himayat Ali Shair, Mohsin Bhopali, Krishn Bihari Noor, Dr. Pirzada Qasim and Many other known and respected poets and writers.

Posted in Hindi Ghazals0 Comments

Luxury Without Compromise and on a Budget at the Katriya De Royal – Hyderabad Hotel, Hyderabad Restaurants, Hyderabad Food, Hyderabadi Biryani

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At first glance the sheer size of the building makes one wonder how such a huge building found the space in the ever congested Begumpet area. The Katriya De Royal is the second offering from the Katriya group of hotels and is a budget boutique hotel for the traveller. For a Three Star Hotel the Katriya De Royal at Balayogi Paryatak Bhavan at Begumpet is a colossal structure and is one of the largest hotels in Hyderabad in terms of the size. The driveway is very spacious and one can spot a couple of Aero-Express buses there at all times given that it is one of the destinations from the Airport. Half the structure is owned by the Katriya and the other half by the Andhra Pradesh Tourism Development Corporation. This also means that it is quite convenient to enquire and book city tours from here as the Green Lands guest house is just opposite.

This is a very convenient place for the visitors who have taken a flight to the city for business and need to stay in a centrally located place. Located amongst the crazy hustle of the Begumpet main road this hotel has been very intelligently insulated from the deafening traffic outside. This might not seem important but after spending an hour in the traffic the calm has to be one of the best assets of this place. Added to that is the luxurious and spacious setting the hotel provides for the ideal amount of relaxation for hectic lifestyles.

Café De Royal: The lobby in stark contrast to the rest of the hotel is not very well lit, which is surprising as a visit to the coffee shop on the third floor is in the atrium which is excellently set up to give the diner a beautiful view of the lovely lawn and pool outside. A lawn and pool on the third floor, this is a good indicator of the size of the hotel. The hotel has a Coffee Shop named Café De Royal, which has a fantastic view and a very welcoming atmosphere. There are the lunch and dinner buffets along with the a la carte menu and on Sundays there is the special brunch with the option of a pint of beer. Though the restaurant is multi-cuisine its specialty is the continental fare that is served here, the club sandwiches and eggs are the special treats. The buffet spread is quite expansive and has the diner spoilt for choice. Not to forget the delectable desserts on offer as they would tempt even the most stringent dieter.

Royal Court: A walk through the coffee shop leads to the right of the atrium to a corridor with glass flooring and a row of fountains. This corridor leads to their specialty Indian restaurant Royal Court. This restaurant is for the classy Ghazal filled evenings, there is live entertainment in the form of a Ghazal singer for dinner at the restaurant. As the entertainment is for the guest requests are most welcome and entertained. The fare served is mostly Mughlai and North Indian with a dash of South Indian cuisine thrown in to the eclectic mix of Indian food. This is an ideal place to have a small get together for family or friends as in the restaurant there are two rooms which may be booked separately and have exclusive service on stand-by which gives the feeling of having your own private place in the restaurant. For the connoisseurs of Biryani there is the Biryani and Kebabs buffet served here with the choicest of kebabs from Sheik to Shikhampur and a very interesting range of Biryanis from Awadhi to Malabari. The specialty though has to be the Hyderbadi Biryani for which there is a special chef at the helm of affairs. There is an appealing discount of 25% off the bill for all a la carte orders at the restaurant for those not interested in the Kebabs and Biryanis on offer.

Whiskey Joes: Right beside the Royal Court lays the lounge bar Whiskey Joes which has a ship cabin entrance to the bar. The bar has a very sailor and ship type feel to it with a mirror in between the roof to simulate the deck of a luxury ship. The bar has extremely luxurious sofas that make it very inviting for a drink. This is an ideal place to relax after a hard days work. The atmosphere is very calm and soothing with light music playing in the background and minimal amount of noise. The view on offer is that of the lovely swimming pool and well lit lawns. By night it also offers a decent view of the city lit up. The bar offers a 50% discount on all house liquor brands with a promise of great service.

The Katriya group has built itself a good reputation for quality and excellence through the Katriya Towers at Somajiguda and this new venture has begun with a lot of promise and might just be a hit compared to the other budget offerings around the city.

ProVFX Visual Effects and Editing School has been written by Pranay Rupani who is a Channel 6 Magazine



Hot Hindi Stuff Online:

Kahan Aa Gaye Hum!Kahan Aa Gaye Hum!An account of author's worldwide travels and migration to USA.

The book includes opinions / reviews by the world renowned poets:
Himayat Ali Shair, Mohsin Bhopali, Krishn Bihari Noor, Dr. Pirzada Qasim and Many other known and respected poets and writers.

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Depression 2008: the Indian Scene

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INTRODUCTION

Whatever the silence or the contradicting comments be coming from the Indian government and its leading economists, the start of eroding effects of world depression 2008 in India can not be overlooked since the depression stands well entered in the Indian economy. The economic activities like the decision regarding closure of Tata’s Jamshedpur motors plant for three days, decision of Ashok Leyland to run only for three days a week for coming two months, decreasing interest rates, decrease in CRR, lowered REPO rate, cut in SLR, index of stock market in reverse gear, Rs 275000 crores (Rs 2750 billion) released by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to help industries and investors etc. already indicated and rather proved well in the first week of November 2008 that RBI and the Government accepted the entrance of depression 2008 in the Indian economy.

PRE-DEPRESSION SITUATION

After getting independence in 1947 India started its planned economic development in 1951 having in hands the experience, a wide literature of well proved strategies and variegated plans pertaining to, used by and created or formulated by the well developed western economies, apart from the available natural resources. India was over enthusiastic and over ambitious on account of having the ready and well proved weapons sought from the western world for combating the problem of development. Therefore, instead of starting from the very beginning and covering the whole path it, being enticed and allured by the surprisingly fascinating fruits of industrialization, started efforts but having longed for being developed and grabbing fruits thereof in a haste. Thus India lost sequences in its development path. It ignored agriculture that was the spine of the economy. Thereby the agricultural development lagged far behind the level required for feeding India’s industrialization up to the mark. Agriculture based small and cottage industries became shattered and the villages became ruined. This raised a huge bulk of unemployed people in the widely spread rural sector.

The unemployed persons started migrating to the urban areas in search of job. The urban development and industrialization there had not sufficient level to absorb the whole migrating mass and to provide them proper urban life facilities. As a result thereof a mushroom growth of slums came about fast which eventually turned into big slum spots in cities and towns within a no longer period of 20 or 25 years. This hampered urban growth and urban life. On the other hand, in rural areas there emerged acute shortage of energetic workforce, service centres, infrastructure, intellectuals etc. This hindered the rural development whereby agricultural development and rural life remained slang lower. That is why, even having travelled a long path of planned economic development, the state of affairs of rural India still remained almost the same as it had been before planning. There remained a big gulf between urban and rural people regarding wealth, wage, education and income. Moreover, the rural-urban migration, due to the pitiable state of affairs in rural areas, resulted to unchecked urban growth. Thus, instead of overall development, an unbalanced and unfair development of Indian economy became resulted therein.

 However, the Central Government tried to make the situation better by initiating the process of economic reforms in 1991. But, unfortunately, the formulation of this process was on almost the same footings as those of the Five Year Plans and, therefore, this also could not bring about the desired change. Consequently a wide spread general unemployment prevailed in both the rural and the urban areas {as per ECONOMIC APPRAISAL 2006-07, the estimated number of unemployed persons rose from 7.98 million in 1983 to 9.02 million in 1993-94, to 10.51 million in 1999-2000 and to 13.10 million in 2004-05. These figures make amply clear that the average increase per year in the number of unemployed persons was going higher and higher without revealing any effect even of the economic reforms initiated in 1991. The average increase per year in the number of unemployed persons was 1.04 lakh (0.104 million) persons during the ten years’ period from 1983 to 1993-94. It became 2.48 lakh (0.248 milliom) during the next six years’ period and rose to 5.18 lakh (o.518 million) during the five years’ period from 1999-2000 to 2004-05.}. In addition to this a considerable number of politically, socially and economically sound and effective elites emerged in cities and urban towns. These elites interfered in the formulation and execution of development plans, on one hand, and in the fixation of priorities, on the other. Thereby Indian development plans became urban oriented and concentrating on rich minority. Thus the poor majority and the rural economy became ignored. The unemployment situation in both the rural and the urban sectors became almost uncontrollable. The government has become politically weak. Therefore its priority has become to please the rich minority so that it may run. To mitigate resentment and dissatisfaction among the general mass it has to play pseudo role to remedy some times the rural and some times the urban mass alternating through various unsuccessful employment programmes and plans. The condition of the rural unemployment is more embarrassing than that of the urban unemployment since the rural unemployed people are subsisting in privation.

The increasing inequality in income distribution and persistent lack of capital in India like other developing economies became more rigorous on account of the black money. Therefore, the Indian economy had been but experiencing inflationary pressure up to the late eighties on account of heavy autonomous (unproductive) investment in welfare and employment schemes (apart from that in infrastructure) by the governments being dependent on foreign aid, World Bank financing, external debts and deficit financing.

EMERGENCE OF DEPRESSION

 As the eighties end and the nineties begin the inflationary trend started being converted into depressive trend in the developing economies also on account of the following events.

(i) A considerable part of black money came out and became converted into white money on account of various schemes, moves and drives to convert black money into white. It was added to productive investment and whereby an increased supply in the market came about. Though employment also was thereby increased to add to the demand but lesser was added to demand than to supply due to highly unequal income. d

(ii) Under the process of globalization MNCs were allowed to enter  the economy. The MNCs made heavy productive investments and thus considerably added to the total supply in the markets but the thereby increased employment could not equally add to the total demand because a considerable part of their production value (revenue) went to their respective mother countries in the form of profits. Moreover these MNCs kept considerable part of their revenue in the form of undistributed profit deposited generally in the foreign banks.

(iii) The expansion of share markets took impetus in developing economies in the middle of nineties on account of some small scams and computerization of stock exchanges. However, a big scam always creates uncertainty in stock exchange activities and therefore harms the share market. But, contrarily, small scams always help increase the stock exchange activities because small scams create small but frequent ups and downs in share prices.

(iv) The globalization made the access of the depression stricken developed economies easy to the Indian markets. Therefore, the gluts of consumer goods started being dumped there. The goods produced in developed economies are of better quality and cheaper (on account of lower production cost) and the consumption of the Indian mass is highly conspicuous. These two factors attracted the Indian consumers towards those dumped goods so much that the demand of consumption goods pertaining to India’s home production became lost up to a considerable level.

THE PRESENT SITUATION

Each of the events discussed hereinabove contributed towards increasing the supply but decreasing the demand of consumption goods in the Indian economy. The combined effect of these events made a considerable change whereby up to the mid of year 2008 the Indian economy came into the grip of depressive trend in its markets other than the market pertaining to basic consumption items. The market of basic consumption items is still showing high prices and inflationary pressure. This is because the depression starting from financial and industrial giants will take some time in trickling to trade and medium or small industries of general consumption items. The downward trickling of the depression will gain impetus as soon as heavy retrenchment starts in the depression stricken giants.      

The following detail, prepared on the basis of columns in the news papers from 1st to 8th of December 2008, makes it amply clear the present extent of depression and the steps taken to control the situation in Indian economy.

(1)Stop production in Telco Construction: One more company of Tata Group, Telco Construction Equipment Co. Ltd. (TELCON) declared to stop production for four days (from 4th to 7th Dec.) in its Jamshedpur plant. This company has experienced a 50 % decrease in its production during last one and a half month. Mr. Ramchandra, President of the Telcon Workers Union, told that the plant has observed ‘block closer’ (stop production) two times in the last one month. Moreover, the Diesel Engine manufacturing company of joint ownership of Tata Group also exercised block closer for 5 days in the last week. India’s leading commercial vehicle manufacturing company, Mahindra and Mahindra, experienced a fall in the sale of its vehicles from 18583 vehicles in November 2007 to 11569 vehicles in November 2008. The total sale in the last year was 17844 vehicles which fell down to 10430 vehicles this year. The second biggest passenger car manufacturing company in India, the Hyundai Motor India Ltd., also experienced a 23.3 % decrease in its sale in home market in the month of November 2008 as compared to that in the month of November 2007. The home market sale in November 2008 is 14605 cars as against 19052 cars in November 2007 (Hindustan, Hindi Daily, Dt. 03.12.2008, Page 13, Baghpat Edition).

(2)Tata Motors has again decided to close its Pune plant for three days, from 5th to 7th of December 2008.. It is second time in the last fortnight that the company has decided to stop production (Hindustan, Hindi Daily, Dt. 04.12.2008, Page 13, Baghpat Edition).

(3)During the week ending on 22nd of November the inflation rate fell down 0.44 point and came to 8.40 % as it was 8.84 % in the week ended on 15th of November. The inflation rate in the week ended on 2nd of August this year was 12.91 % that was the highest inflation rate observed in last 16 years (Hindustan, Hindi Daily, Dt. 05.12.2008, Page 13, Baghpat Edition).

         (4)The second biggest car company in India, Hyundai Motor India Ltd., decided to sell its popular model, SANTRO GL (Solid) model, at 10 years old price of Rs 2.99 lakh (Rs o.299 million) for coming 10 days. A relaxation worth Rs 15,773 in the form of free insurance and accessories is being given in non-AC segment. Relaxation worth Rs 26,000 on SANTRO GLS model and from Rs 7,000 to Rs 25,000 on GATZ, Accent and Verna models is being provided. India’s biggest car company, Maruti, has already started giving discount from Rs 15,000 to Rs 35,000 on its cars. Moreover, the General Motors has made discount worth Rs 58,000 on SPARK. A discount worth Rs 90,000 on FORD FIESTA is being given. Tata Motors also is giving relaxation on its cars from Rs 20,000 to Rs 30,000 (Dainik Jagran, Hindi Daily) Dt. O5.12.2008, Page 13, Baghpat Edition).

(5)Mr. G. K. Pillai, Commerce Secretary, stated on Wednesday, December 6, 2008, that a budgetary help worth Rs 150 billion (Rs fifteen thousand crores) would be given to infrastructure projects while a help worth Rs 20 billion (Rs two thousand crores) would be extended to the depression stricken exporters. First time in a period of last ten years there has been observed a decrease of 12 % in Indian export business. As per the government survey of 121 export oriented units, 65 thousand jobs have been cut during last three months. Seven thousand jobs stand cancelled in cloth sector and this figure may reach to 1.2 million (twelve lakhs) up to the end of the current financial year. On account of realizing the depressive pressure in the economy, the Indian government has declared a decrease of Rs 5 in petrol prices and Rs 3 in diesel prices (Hindustan, Hindi Daily, Dt. 06.12.2008, Page 13, Baghpat Edition).

(6)Under the heading ‘Recession Trickles to India’ there has been stated “After years of being blamed for job losses in America and elsewhere, domestic high-tech companies and outsourcing firms are going through a downturn of there own. The global showdown id forcing them to reduce hiring, freeze salaries, postpone investment and lay off software programmers and call centre operators.” The country has been suffering from the effects of global slump, losing capital as Western investors fled to the security of American Treasuries, undermining Indian banks and company balance sheets. Satyam Computer Services slashed its recruitment plan to fewer than 10,000 from 15,000. Some companies, having hired recruits, are postponing their start dates. Wipro has dismissed 2.5 per cent of its work force in the second quarter. American Express laid off some 200 of its 6,000 workers in India and Goldman Sachs announced last month (November) to dismiss about 10 % of its work force in India (Hindustan Times, English Daily, Dt. 06.12.2008, Page 17).  

(7)A third block closer (stop production) within a period of mere one month has been declared by India’s biggest vehicle manufacturing company, Tata Motors, in its Jamshedpur plant from 8th to 13th of December 2008 in succession to its already observed second block closer from 5th to 7th December. In addition to it, the leading diesel engine manufacturing company Tata Cummins, a company of Tata’s joint ownership, is observing a six days block closer in its Jamshedpur plant from Saturday, the 6th instant. This is its second block closer as the first was from 26th to 29th of November. SBI has declared a special loan facility of Rs 110 billion (Rs 11000 crore) to help housing and small industries. RBI has decreased the REPO rate from 7.5 to 6.5 % and the Reverse REPO rate from 6 to 5 %. Yes Bank has declared a cut of 0.5 % in PLR while ICICI Bank has declared a cut of 1.5 % in PLR and BPLR (Hindustan, Hindi Daily, Dt. 07.12.2008, Page 1 & 13, Baghpat Edition).     

(8)Mr. Sameer chopra, President, BPO Industry Association of India, told that America and Europe, on account of the wage cut policy of companies and to combat the market slump, are thinking of stepping back in near future from alternatives like outsourcing. If this happens the Indian companies will be most affected negatively since most of the Indian software companies depend on America and Europe for business. Thus the jobs of 0.25 million (2.5 lakhs) persons, working in Indian BPO sector, are under threat of the global depression and they may lose their jobs in the first quarter of the next year (Dainik Jagran, Hindi Daily, Dt. O7.12.2008, Page 16, Baghpat Edition).

 (9)To control the continuously increasing prices and to rescue the economy from depression grip, the Central Government of India declared yesterday, the 7th of December 2008, a bailout package worth Rs 30 Kharab (Rs 3000 billion) (Hindustan, Hindi Daily, Dt. 08.12.2008, Front Page, Baghpat Edition).

CONCLUSION

The above mentioned detail shows that the remedial measures, being taken to control depression in the Indian economy, are the same and on the same line as those taken by America and European countries. India had also committed the mistake of using as well the tools proved fruitful in the western world, in case of economic development move. I think, in case of combating the depression 2008, India will again repeat the mistake of using the same tools which the western world is using without getting success in controlling the depression. Therefore, India should recognize the difference of its economic features as compared to America and the European countries and find compatible ways and means to control and combat the depression 2008.



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The Lawyer's Career Change Handbook: More Than 300 Things You Can Do With a Law Degree, Updated and RevisedThe Lawyer's Career Change Handbook: More Than 300 Things You Can Do With a Law Degree, Updated and Revised

There Are More Than One Million Lawyers in America

A law degree is not necessarily a ticket to succes, wealth and happiness. Perhaps it's dissatisfaction with the hours, the firm, or the work itself, but every year, more and more lawyers want out. Now there's a real-world primer that can help virtually anyone in this position. Wheather you're merely considering a change or firmly committed to one, The Lawyer's Career Change Handbook provides all the tools and information you need. A surprising number of lawyers in this country have discovered that a law degree is not necessarily a ticket to wealth, success and happiness, and now they want out.

Hindi Greenberg -- founder and president of Lawyers in Transition -- has written an indispensable quidebook for those in that position. Chock full of helpful advice, exercises, listings of resources and real-life stories, The Lawyer's Career Change Handbook provides all the tools needed to help the unsatisfied many who are either considering a new career or actively pursuing one.

This one-of-a-kind volume can help legal professionals identify, target, and get new jobs that best suit their abilities, background, personality and interests, while offering them ways to cope with the inevitable stress of changing fields. And those who wish to remain in the law world will discover invaluable methods for creating more satisfaction in their current fields, for exploring other areas of the law that they may not have previously considered, and for determining if a solo or small practice is the right way to go.

Rampur Ka Pradhan (Hindi Novel)Rampur Ka Pradhan (Hindi Novel)More or less, here or there, virtually everywhere, Devils do exist in our society and their existence is making people’s life miserable and deplorable. One such barbaric and savage devil’s name is Nambardaar. He is an epitome of squashed moral and sordid character, who gobbles up all the money sanctioned for the development of village Rampur. Nambardaar owns bus service, fertilizer store, hotel and engineering college. He plays similar devilish tactics in all businesses. Nambardaar’s paramount goal is to garner landfill of money, so all his future generations could relish life without doing any work. Due to fully commercialization of politics, seeing abundant opportunities to make money in this, Nambardaar is focusing his vision on this business. In his plan of execution, Nambardaar appointed a dalit farm laborer Gangu as village chief, but dignified and self-respectful Gangu didn’t let Nambardaar succeed in his nefarious schemes, instead, he appointed young, smart and brilliant Muskaan as shikshamitra. Muskaan did such an act, which exacerbated Nambardaar’s desperation. Utterly frustrated and scorching Nambardaar orchestrated a horrific conspiracy which imperiled the lives of hundreds of children, therefore humungous pandemonium shrouded village Rampur..…

BUT, Nambardaar was hoisted by his own petard, and that parched his incorrigible soul.

A contemporary socio-political fiction based on the backdrop of a crucial and poignant issue in India

Indian government is pouring money for the welfare of rural and urban schools, and officials’ modus operandi is to siphon all that money to their personal accounts. India’s mid-day-meal program is the largest school lunch program in the world. More than 150 million children are covered under this scheme. Such a noble program is brutally devastated by flagrant corruption. Due to people’s greed and callousness, It's poised to a moribund state and destined to be a fiasco.

this novel is in Hindi.

Looks best in iPad Kindle app. looks good in all Kindle devices. Needs at least 1280*1024 resolution, so might not look good on less than 15" screen size laptops. Looks great on bigger screen laptops and desktops on "Kindle for PC" or "Cloud Reader".
Learn HindiLearn HindiHindi belongs to the Indo-European family, Indic branche of the Indo-Iranian group.Hindi is the most widely spoken language of the Republic of India, centered principally in the states of Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh in the north-central part of the country. Its 275 million speakers rank it as one of the leading languages of the world but it is, nevertheless, understood by only about one third of India's population. When independence was achieved in 1947, Hindi was chosen as one of India's national language.
Like most of the languages of northern India, Hindi is a direct descendant of Sanskrit. It has been influenced and enriched by Dravidian,Turkish, Farsi, Arabic, Portuguese and English. Hindi and Urdu, the official language of Pakistan, are virtually the same language, though the former is written in the Sanskrit characters and the latter in the Perso-Arabic script. Pure Hindi derives most of its vocabulary from Sanskrit, while Urdu contains many words from Persian and Arabic. The basis of both languages is actually Hindustani, the colloquial form of speech that served as the lingua franca of much of India for more than four centuries. Hindi was originally a variety of Hindustani spoken in the area of New Delhi. Its development into a national language had its beginnings in the colonial period, when the British began to cultivate it as a standard among government officials. Later it was used for literary purposes and has since then become the vehicle for prose and poetry.
What Economics is About (Spanish, French, Italian, German, Japanese, Russian, Ukrainian, Chinese, Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, ... Gujarati, Bengali and Korean Edition)What Economics is About (Spanish, French, Italian, German, Japanese, Russian, Ukrainian, Chinese, Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, ... Gujarati, Bengali and Korean Edition)Designed for teachers at every grade level and in all disciplines, What Economics Is About is a simple, time-saving way to teach the fundamental economics content every K-12 student needs to know. A one-page overview of 'What Economics Is About' gives you a visual roadmap of economics in an easy-to-follow flowchart, and is ideal as an overhead or handout for your students. Armed with the basic content in What Economics Is About, students will leave your classroom with the skills to become productive workers and knowledgeable consumers. Use this resource as an energizing introduction to economics at any grade level; you'll give your students a solid knowledge base and a desire to explore more complex and in-depth economics material. Plus, as an added bonus, you'll expand your own knowledge and appreciation for economics!

Also available:

Classroom Mini Economy - ISBN 1561836273
A Framework for Teaching Basic Economic Concepts: With Scope and Sequence Guidelines, K-12 - ISBN 1561834874

The Council for Economic Education envisions a world in which people are empowered through economic and financial literacy to make informed and responsible choices throughout their lives as consumers, savers, investors, workers, citizens, and participants in our global economy.

Some of the areas in K-12 education we publish in include:

- Establishing and building credit

- Managing personal finances

- Understanding economics on a local, national, and global level

- Using economics in other subject areas: Social Studies, Geography, History, etc.

Analysis of Teaching and Learning in Physical EducationAnalysis of Teaching and Learning in Physical EducationAnalysis of Teaching and Learning in Physical Education presents research-based best practices for teaching physical education in order to help pre-service and practicing teachers improve their skills through analysis and reflection. The text begins with an informal analysis of teaching and then quickly moves into systematic strategies for analyzing student and teacher behaviors and interactions. Based on Bill Anderson s groundbreaking work, Analysis of Teaching Education (1980), this text is designed to help physical education teachers meet NASPE s Standards for Advanced Programs in Teacher Education.
Goldilocks (Hindi Edition)Goldilocks (Hindi Edition)"Stop Goldilocks, go back home, Woods aren't safe when you're all alone!" But Goldilocks doesn't heed the warning. And so begins her adventure! She walks through the woods until she arrives at the bears' house and sees three steaming bowls of porridge.

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ARTS OF PAKISTAN

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Pakistan has a rich and diverse cultural heritage. Pakistanis celebrate their culture through folk music, dance, and festivals. They have a strong appreciation for poetic expression and storytelling. The history of the country comes to life in the splendid architectural detail of centuries-old mosques and forts. After it became part of the expansive Mughal Empire in 1526, the region that is now Pakistan entered a golden age of literature, architecture, and music.

A Literature

Most Pakistanis adore poetry and commonly memorize long poems. A mushaira (poetry reading) in Pakistan can attract hundreds of listeners. Among classical poets in the Urdu language, Mirza Ghalib is perhaps the most widely admired. Ghalib, who wrote in the 19th century, is known for his lyrical and spiritual ghazals. Ghazals are the most popular form of poetry in the Urdu and Persian languages.

The official national poet of Pakistan is Allama (”the Wise”) Muhammad Iqbal. He earned the title of poet-philosopher of Pakistan not only because he was an exceptionally talented poet, but also because he was active in the politics of his time. In 1930 he called for the creation of a separate Muslim state in northwestern British India. He wrote poetry in Urdu and Persian and gave university lectures in English.

Faiz Ahmed Faiz is perhaps the most adored modern poet in Pakistan. Faiz began writing poetry in the 1950s after a distinguished journalism career. His ghazals are primarily concerned with class struggle, rather than the conventional themes of love and beauty. A progressive writer, Faiz was also a political dissident, and military governments banned his poetry from television and radio. Ahmad Fraz, Muneer Niazi, and Parveen Shakir are some of the other popular Urdu-language poets of Pakistan.

Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai, a Sufi mystic who in the first half of the 18th century wrote about love and Sindhi life, is the most revered poet of the Sindhi language. His poetry is widely recited by illiterate and educated Sindhis alike. Khushal Khan Khattak is the most famous poet of the Pashto language. In the 17th century he wrote poetry describing the beauty of women and nature, using military metaphors. The most well-known poet of the Punjabi language is Bulleh Shah, of the 17th century, whose poetry challenged the religious orthodoxy. In recent years short stories and travelogues have gained literary prominence, in addition to poetry.

B Music and Film

Traditional Vocal Music of Pakistan Pakistani music and culture bear the influence of past invaders: Greeks, Arabs, Mongols, and Afghans. Until the division of India, the music of Pakistan was a part of the Indian musical culture. As a result, the instrumentation is strongly Indian, but rhythms, scales, song repertoire, and technique represent a unique synthesis of these diverse musical cultures. This is an example of a Dholak Geet, a type of folk song sung by groups of women or girls that celebrates village life in the Pakistani state of Punjab.”Dholak Geet” de Folk Music of Pakistan (Cat.# Folkways FE 4425) (p)1951 Smithsonian/Folkways Recordings. All rights reserved.

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The classical music tradition in Pakistan traces its roots to the 13th-century poet and musician Amir Khusru, who composed the earliest ragas, the traditional rhythmic form. To play the ragas, Muslim musicians invented the sitar, a long guitar-like stringed instrument, and the tabla, a small pair of hand drums.

Qawwali, a form of devotional song, arose as part of the Sufi (Islamic religious sect) tradition. This rich vocal tradition is based on melodic and free-rhythmic song-poems and classical musical forms. It is traditionally performed at the shrines of Sufi saints, but today qawwali singers also perform for major secular events. Qawwali singer Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan won international popularity in the late 20th century by infusing qawwali performances with new form and style. Other traditional musical forms—including the Punjabi bhangra, the Sindhi juhumar, and the Pashtun khattack—have also acquired new forms and continue to be popular for dancing. Punjabi, Pashto, and Sindhi folk songs are popular in rural Pakistan. Modern Pakistani musical groups and singers have introduced new forms of pop music based on traditional melodies.

Qawwali Singer Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan Qawwali is a form of Sufi devotional music drawing on melodic and free-rhythmic song-poems and classical musical forms. Traditionally performed at the shrines of Sufi saints, qawwali is now also heard at major secular events. In the late 20th century the qawwali recordings of singer Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan gained international popularity.”Hamd” from Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan: En Concert a Paris Vol. 1 (Cat.# Ocora C 558658) (p)1988 Ocora/Radio France. All rights reserved.

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Most Pakistanis prefer and enjoy songs from Pakistani and Indian movies. These songs are commonly played on radio and television. A synthesis of musical scores from movies, traditional folk music, and popular Western music is gaining popularity.

The film industry of Pakistan, known as Lollywood, is concentrated in Lahore. Most Pakistani movies are long, melodramatic love stories with plenty of songs. The film industry is often regulated and censored by the government. Films must follow the conventions of Islamic law, and the showing of physical contact such as kissing is prohibited. In the mid-1970s the industry produced about 150 movies a year, but since then the number has declined. In the 1980s the market for Pakistani films shrunk as a result of restrictions imposed by the military regime of Muhammad Zia ul-Haq and the availability of smuggled videotapes of Indian and Western movies.

Television became a major cultural influence in Pakistan in the 1980s, when the state-controlled network, Pakistan Television, attained national reach. It aired both Pakistani and American shows. In recent years satellite and cable television services have significantly increased access to international networks offering many different cultural and political perspectives.

C Architecture

Tomb of Emperor Jahangir, Lahore Built by Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in the 17th century, the tomb of the Emperor Jahangir is intricately decorated with a variety of patterns and colors. Seen here is the outer wall and one of the four minarets that surround the garden in which the emperor’s tomb is located.Christine Osborne Pictures

 

Pakistan has inherited a combination of Mughal and British colonial architectural forms. Mughal architects combined the Muslim preferences for large domes, slender towers, and archways with the Hindu use of red sandstone, white marble, and inlaid jewels. Mughal artists decorated the monuments with verses from the Quran, the sacred text of Islam. The best example of this architecture is the Badshahi Mosque and Lahore Fort (built between the 1580s and 1670s). The courtyard of the mosque can accommodate 100,000 worshipers, making it the second largest mosque in the world. Pakistan also has the world’s largest mosque, the Faisal Mosque in Isl

Quranic calligraphy and miniature painting have a strong tradition in Pakistan dating to Mughal rule. The most celebrated miniature and mural paintings and calligraphic works were created in the 20th century by Abdul Rehman Chughtai and Sadequain. These Mughal traditions are also visible on colorfully painted and decorated trucks and buses that ply the country.

D Libraries and Museums

Kar?chi is the seat of some of the most important libraries in Pakistan; these include the Liaquat Memorial Library (1950), the Central Secretariat Library (1950), and the University of Kar?chi library. Also of note are the National Archives of Pakistan, in Isl?m?b?d, and the Punjab Public Library (1884), in Lahore.

The National Museum of Pakistan (1950), in Kar?chi, is noted for its archaeological material from the Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa sites in the Indus Valley. Important materials from this ancient civilization are also found at the Institute of Sindhology, in J?m Shoro, and the Hyder?b?d Museum. The Lahore Museum (1864), the country’s largest museum, and the Pesh?war Museum (1906) also have exhibits on the rich cultural history of the region. The Industrial and Commercial Museum, in Lahore, contains exhibits on the manufactures of Pakistan. The National Museum of Science and Technology is a participatory science center in Lahore.

?m?b?d, a gift from Saudi Arabia that was constructed in the 1980s. It was designed by a Turkish architect to look like an Arab desert tent. Other examples of Mughal architecture include Shalimar Gardens (laid out in 1641), in Lahore; the Shah Jahan Mosque (17th century), in Thatta, Sind Province; and the mid-18th-century tomb of the great Sindhi poet Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai, in Bhit Sh?h, near Hyder?b?d.



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Kahan Aa Gaye Hum!Kahan Aa Gaye Hum!An account of author's worldwide travels and migration to USA.

The book includes opinions / reviews by the world renowned poets:
Himayat Ali Shair, Mohsin Bhopali, Krishn Bihari Noor, Dr. Pirzada Qasim and Many other known and respected poets and writers.

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PHP Web Development India PHP Web Programming and Ecommerce Website Design Company India gujarati hindi localization,CMS – Extended Definition :

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Extended Definition :

Now-a-days CMS has become a debatable issue because you must agree with me that there are many technologies those can be used for Content Management.

E-Commerce Solutions are also a part to discuss but in the next article I am going to tell you some interesting things related with E-Commerce Solutions.

There are many issues that are related to the core definition of content management. We think a fully featured content management system should provide more and more of our expectations. Think of “content” as any object of information that is being sent, received, created, stored, or otherwise managed in some way. A good content management software package should provide a framework upon which to build the tools required to connect humans with this information.

A good CMS should include following elements respectively :

User management

Forms management

Authentication

Tools to help build any kind of content driven web interface

Index and search (well, James Robertson outlined this already)

Personalisation services, i.e. the ability to target content to individual users and groups

Starting points for purpose-specific content management applications – e.g. forums, surveys, shops, websites, intranet tools, extranet tools, information input and tracking, etc

On Our Website www.cranti.com all information about CMS, Website Development, E-Commerce Web Solutions etc.. are being provided.

Offshore PHP Web Development India PHP Programming VB Application Development India.Web development India PHP programmers hire ASP.net developers india Ecommerce application development India, Ecommerce Web Site Design, Custom Software Development, Social networking and portal site development Company cranti technologies, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.

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Dreaming in Hindi: Coming Awake in Another LanguageDreaming in Hindi: Coming Awake in Another Language

An eye-opening and courageous memoir that explores what learning a new language can teach us about distant worlds and, ultimately, ourselves.

 

After miraculously surviving a serious illness, Katherine Rich found herself at an impasse in her career as a magazine editor. She spontaneously accepted a freelance writing assignment to go to India, where she found herself thunderstruck by the place and the language, and before she knew it she was on her way to Udaipur, a city in the northwestern state of Rajasthan, in order to learn Hindi. Rich documents her experiences—ranging from the bizarre to the frightening to the unexpectedly exhilarating—using Hindi as the lens through which she is given a new perspective not only on India, but on the radical way the country and the language itself were changing her. Fascinated by the process, she went on to interview linguistics experts around the world, reporting back from the frontlines of the science wars on what happens in the brain when we learn a new language. She brings both of these experiences together seamlessly in Dreaming in Hindi, a remarkably unique and thoughtful account of self-discovery.

Dreaming in Hindi: Coming Awake in Another LanguageDreaming in Hindi: Coming Awake in Another LanguageAt a time when her life seemed to be crumbling, Katherine Russell Rich took on a writing assignment in India, where she was seduced by the idea of learning to speak Hindi, the language she heard swirling all around her. In a rash moment, she determined she’d go live and study in the ancient city of Udaipur. That decision lead to unexpected reclamation.  In this beautiful and spirited memoir, she documents her experiences, from the bizarre to the frightening to the full-out exhilarating. Seamlessly combining her courageous (and often hilarious) personal journey with reporting on the science of language acquisition, Dreaming in Hindi offers an eye-opening account of what learning a new tongue can teach us about distant worlds and, ultimately, about ourselves.

Sketches from My Past: Encounters with India's Oppressed (Hindi Edition)This is a translation of Mahadevi Varma's 'Ateet Ke Chalchitra' by Neera Kuckreja Sohoni. Includes case studies with poor Indians, mostly women.
Mahadevi Varma: Political Essays on Women, Culture, and NationMahadevi Varma: Political Essays on Women, Culture, and NationThis edited volume of translations covers the major political essays of India's first feminist Hindi poet. A devout follower and advocate of Gandhi, Mahadevi Varma is a household name in India and is a major woman of letters in the modern Hindi world. The essays collected in this volume represent some of Mahadevi Varma’s most famous writings on the “woman question” in India. The collection also includes an introduction to her life, with biographical notes, an analysis of her importance in the field of Hindi letters, as well as a selection of her poems – these latter because Mahadevi Varma made her mark in the world of Hindi literature through her poetry, and a volume of translations would be incomplete without a sampling of them. The introduction to the translated volume sketches Mahadevi Varma's life and work and her significance to both the development of modern standard Hindi as well as to the nascent women's movement underway in the 1920s in India. Little scholarly attention has been given in the academy outside of India to Varma’s numerous contributions to women’s education, to the development of modern standard Hindi, and to political thought during the Independence movement in late-colonial India. This volume of translations engages themes like language and nationalism, women’s roles as artists, the politics of motherhood and marriage—themes that continue to be relevant to women’s lives in contemporary India and to movements for women’s rights outside India as well. This volume of translations of Mahadevi Varma’s feminist political essays is the first of its kind. While some of these essays, especially those from Mahadevi Varma’s Hamari Shrinkhala Ki Kariyan collection have been translated by Neera K. Sohoni and published under the title Links in the Chain (Katha, 2003), there is no sustained treatment of Varma’s political thinking in one, accessible volume. While there is ample work on Varma in Hindi, scholars of feminism (and students of Hindi who are in the nascent stages of language acquisition) have nowhere to turn for a comprehensive sampling of her work. Mahadevi Varma is also one of the most difficult writers to access even for trained scholars of Hindi language and literature. Her highly Sanskritized diction and her stylized prose sketches make her work a pleasure to read in the original but daunting to translate into English. This volume has contributions from some of the most highly regarded Hindi experts. In the editor’s introduction to the volume of translations a brief biographical sketch followed by an analysis of the political climate of Northern India has been provided so that the reader unfamiliar with India of the 1920s-1940s will have the necessary historical context to place her work. The introduction to the volume also raises the issue of why she gave up writing poetry and turned solely to writing prose when she became involved with the movements for women’s rights and national independence. Finally, the volume provides feminist cultural historians a rich archive of how Indian women like Mahadevi Varma were actively negotiating their lives as women, activists, artists, teachers, and married women. This work will be of use to scholars of Hindi language and literature in the US/European academy and should be of interest to cultural and feminist historians of modern India. This volume will introduce Mahadevi Varma’s literary scope to an English-speaking audience, and will serve as a reference for feminist historians of the nationalist period in the Indian subcontinent.
Poetry, Politics and Culture: Essays on Indian Texts and ContextsPoetry, Politics and Culture: Essays on Indian Texts and Contexts

This book maps the journey of the Indian poetic imagination—in Hindi, Panjabi and Indian English—from its original quasi-spiritual longings to its activist interventions in the public domain. As Indian poetry of the post-1990s gravitates towards a non-Orientalised postcolonial nationalism, it seeks to rewrite and disseminate the shifting coordinates of nationalist imagination in terms of the dissent of the subaltern discontents of the nation.

The book is interdisciplinary: it studies Indian poetry from the new emerging imperatives of postcolonialism, new historiography (subaltern, dalit and diasporas), nationalism, and cultural studies. Covering the two major north Indian languages—Hindi and Punjabi—along with poetry in Indian English, the book is a close textual study of about 150 poetry collections in these languages. It is path-breaking in its study of secular poetry written in the so-called vernaculars, with critical attention to its participation in the political as well as cultural processes of nation-making.

This cutting-edge book should be of interest to scholars of Indian writings in English, Hindi and Panjabi, gender studies, dalit and diaspora studies, postcolonial poetry and to students reading South Asian literature and culture.

Language Versus Dialect: Linguistic and Literary Essays on Hindi, Tamil and SarnamiIndia has a multiplicity of languages and dialects. Papers in this volume present a variegated overview of the problem relative to two great literary languages,Hindi(including Sarnami) and Tamil. From a methodological point of view they represent a description of different linguistic and literacy aspects and problems.

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Search Engine Optimisation With European Languages

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Search engine results differ for accented and non-accented characters. Multinational companies often face a dilemma when optimising ( http://www.accuracast.com/services/search-engine-optimisation/ ) their website for target audiences in different countries. Most search engines consider both the accented and non-accented versions of the same word when providing search results. However, the order of the results displayed gets affected by the user’s location and settings.

The Official Google Webmaster Central blog recently featured a helpful post about how rank on the search results pages gets adjusted by the algorithm according to visitor settings.

• How search results may differ based on accented characters and languages ( http://googlewebmastercentral.blogspot.com/2006/08/how-search-results-may-differ-based-on.html )

Language Factors Affecting Search Results

When a visitor searches for words such as ‘Référence’ or ‘Télévision’ that can be written both with and without the accents, Google ( http://www.accuracast.com/services/ppc-management/google-adwords/ ) considers websites with both versions of the word, that is ‘Télévision’ and ‘Television’. The results delivered will then be ordered according to the visitors settings. The main factors that influence this ranking are:

• Browser / system language settings

Google tries to make its search results as relevant as possible to the searchers requirements. Therefore, if the visitor’s browser language ( http://www.accuracast.com/services/multilingual-sem.php ) is Spanish, the search result pages that are also in Spanish will be considered more relevant and ranked higher.

• IP location

Geographical location of the visitor similarly indicates their language preference. Visitors from Italy would therefore see more results in Italian than visitors in Germany for the same search phrase, so long as its means the same.

• Search parameters

If a visitor selects the option to display search results only in a particular language, that will display web pages only in the selected language, irrespective of the accentuation, so long as the word means the same with or without the accent.

• Personalisation:

Visitors with personalised search ( http://www.accuracast.com/seo-weekly/online-marketing-future.php ) enabled will be shown results more relevant to their personalised history. For example, a French searcher in England will still be shown more results in French if he / she is signed in and using Google personalized search.

Optimising For Non-English Languages

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Other articles to read:

• A look inside the Google algorithm? ( http://www.accuracast.com/seo-weekly/algorithm.php )

• SEO friendly hosting ( http://www.accuracast.com/seo-weekly/seo-hosting.php )

SEO Weekly ( http://www.accuracast.com/seo-weekly/ )



Hot Hindi Stuff Online:

Dreaming in Hindi: Coming Awake in Another LanguageDreaming in Hindi: Coming Awake in Another Language

An eye-opening and courageous memoir that explores what learning a new language can teach us about distant worlds and, ultimately, ourselves.

 

After miraculously surviving a serious illness, Katherine Rich found herself at an impasse in her career as a magazine editor. She spontaneously accepted a freelance writing assignment to go to India, where she found herself thunderstruck by the place and the language, and before she knew it she was on her way to Udaipur, a city in the northwestern state of Rajasthan, in order to learn Hindi. Rich documents her experiences—ranging from the bizarre to the frightening to the unexpectedly exhilarating—using Hindi as the lens through which she is given a new perspective not only on India, but on the radical way the country and the language itself were changing her. Fascinated by the process, she went on to interview linguistics experts around the world, reporting back from the frontlines of the science wars on what happens in the brain when we learn a new language. She brings both of these experiences together seamlessly in Dreaming in Hindi, a remarkably unique and thoughtful account of self-discovery.

Dreaming in Hindi: Coming Awake in Another LanguageDreaming in Hindi: Coming Awake in Another LanguageAt a time when her life seemed to be crumbling, Katherine Russell Rich took on a writing assignment in India, where she was seduced by the idea of learning to speak Hindi, the language she heard swirling all around her. In a rash moment, she determined she’d go live and study in the ancient city of Udaipur. That decision lead to unexpected reclamation.  In this beautiful and spirited memoir, she documents her experiences, from the bizarre to the frightening to the full-out exhilarating. Seamlessly combining her courageous (and often hilarious) personal journey with reporting on the science of language acquisition, Dreaming in Hindi offers an eye-opening account of what learning a new tongue can teach us about distant worlds and, ultimately, about ourselves.

Sketches from My Past: Encounters with India's Oppressed (Hindi Edition)This is a translation of Mahadevi Varma's 'Ateet Ke Chalchitra' by Neera Kuckreja Sohoni. Includes case studies with poor Indians, mostly women.
Mahadevi Varma: Political Essays on Women, Culture, and NationMahadevi Varma: Political Essays on Women, Culture, and NationThis edited volume of translations covers the major political essays of India's first feminist Hindi poet. A devout follower and advocate of Gandhi, Mahadevi Varma is a household name in India and is a major woman of letters in the modern Hindi world. The essays collected in this volume represent some of Mahadevi Varma’s most famous writings on the “woman question” in India. The collection also includes an introduction to her life, with biographical notes, an analysis of her importance in the field of Hindi letters, as well as a selection of her poems – these latter because Mahadevi Varma made her mark in the world of Hindi literature through her poetry, and a volume of translations would be incomplete without a sampling of them. The introduction to the translated volume sketches Mahadevi Varma's life and work and her significance to both the development of modern standard Hindi as well as to the nascent women's movement underway in the 1920s in India. Little scholarly attention has been given in the academy outside of India to Varma’s numerous contributions to women’s education, to the development of modern standard Hindi, and to political thought during the Independence movement in late-colonial India. This volume of translations engages themes like language and nationalism, women’s roles as artists, the politics of motherhood and marriage—themes that continue to be relevant to women’s lives in contemporary India and to movements for women’s rights outside India as well. This volume of translations of Mahadevi Varma’s feminist political essays is the first of its kind. While some of these essays, especially those from Mahadevi Varma’s Hamari Shrinkhala Ki Kariyan collection have been translated by Neera K. Sohoni and published under the title Links in the Chain (Katha, 2003), there is no sustained treatment of Varma’s political thinking in one, accessible volume. While there is ample work on Varma in Hindi, scholars of feminism (and students of Hindi who are in the nascent stages of language acquisition) have nowhere to turn for a comprehensive sampling of her work. Mahadevi Varma is also one of the most difficult writers to access even for trained scholars of Hindi language and literature. Her highly Sanskritized diction and her stylized prose sketches make her work a pleasure to read in the original but daunting to translate into English. This volume has contributions from some of the most highly regarded Hindi experts. In the editor’s introduction to the volume of translations a brief biographical sketch followed by an analysis of the political climate of Northern India has been provided so that the reader unfamiliar with India of the 1920s-1940s will have the necessary historical context to place her work. The introduction to the volume also raises the issue of why she gave up writing poetry and turned solely to writing prose when she became involved with the movements for women’s rights and national independence. Finally, the volume provides feminist cultural historians a rich archive of how Indian women like Mahadevi Varma were actively negotiating their lives as women, activists, artists, teachers, and married women. This work will be of use to scholars of Hindi language and literature in the US/European academy and should be of interest to cultural and feminist historians of modern India. This volume will introduce Mahadevi Varma’s literary scope to an English-speaking audience, and will serve as a reference for feminist historians of the nationalist period in the Indian subcontinent.
Poetry, Politics and Culture: Essays on Indian Texts and ContextsPoetry, Politics and Culture: Essays on Indian Texts and Contexts

This book maps the journey of the Indian poetic imagination—in Hindi, Panjabi and Indian English—from its original quasi-spiritual longings to its activist interventions in the public domain. As Indian poetry of the post-1990s gravitates towards a non-Orientalised postcolonial nationalism, it seeks to rewrite and disseminate the shifting coordinates of nationalist imagination in terms of the dissent of the subaltern discontents of the nation.

The book is interdisciplinary: it studies Indian poetry from the new emerging imperatives of postcolonialism, new historiography (subaltern, dalit and diasporas), nationalism, and cultural studies. Covering the two major north Indian languages—Hindi and Punjabi—along with poetry in Indian English, the book is a close textual study of about 150 poetry collections in these languages. It is path-breaking in its study of secular poetry written in the so-called vernaculars, with critical attention to its participation in the political as well as cultural processes of nation-making.

This cutting-edge book should be of interest to scholars of Indian writings in English, Hindi and Panjabi, gender studies, dalit and diaspora studies, postcolonial poetry and to students reading South Asian literature and culture.

Language Versus Dialect: Linguistic and Literary Essays on Hindi, Tamil and SarnamiIndia has a multiplicity of languages and dialects. Papers in this volume present a variegated overview of the problem relative to two great literary languages,Hindi(including Sarnami) and Tamil. From a methodological point of view they represent a description of different linguistic and literacy aspects and problems.

Posted in Hindi Essay0 Comments

Bollywood- The Hollywood of India

Hindi Hub Articles


Bollywood is India’s most remarkable industry. There are other budding Industries as well, but it is Bollywood which attracts most of the Indians, due to the fact that all the Bollywood movies are made in Hindi – which is a national language of India. Weather it is a rich businessman or a poor worker, Bollywood delivers entertainment to all of them, it does not recognize caste or creed. A typical Bollywood movie is packed with romance stories, song and dance, daring actions and most of all, family values which can be watched by purchasing a small ticket.

Bollywood was not always known by this name. Formerly known as Bombay film Industry, it was given this name because it was an Indian version of Hollywood. By uniting Hollywood and Bombay came out Bollywood, a new symbol of growing film industry. It was later that Bombay became Mumbai, but the name Bollywood stayed in the hearts of Indians and is the same ever since. The establishment of the Indian cinema has given Mumbai an enormous credibility, Hindi movies were always a matter of pride and efforts.

The influence of Bollywood is present every where in India and abroad. Movie posters and posters of products endorsed by stars can be seen in every lane, intersection, empty walls or roads. The love of Bollywood echoes everywhere in the form of music of ringtones, blaring car horns, wedding celebrations, etc. One of arenas where Bollywood has made complete impact is fashion industry. People like the way actors dress and often try to imitate them with certain clothes. As a result, a teeming Fashion industry has emerged at Mumbai and has given fame to all the Indian traditional clothes worldwide as Saari.

While Bollywood films have universal appeal, it serves a bigger purpose! Bollywood gives rise to thousands of jobs for Mumbaikars in every segment. From Movie production to set design, music creation to action stunts, film promotions to multiplexes, Bollywood produces substantial work and opportunities to succeed. Every newbie who is dedicated to Bollywood is rewarded with fame and riches. Bollywood has created many success stories, several stars as Shahrukh Khan and Akshay Kumar started out here as nobody. While there are sacrifices, it is much easier to taste fame.

As the choices and preferences of movie goers change, it opens new avenues for Bollywood. Young producers implement new ideas and concepts to draw fans in the theatres. Bold topics are being embarked upon and realistic value of Bollywood movies is considered very important. In a way Bollywood is changing its face for a newer generation, as it has done for centuries. The establishment of Bollywood industry has proved to be the strongest influence in our level of thinking as Bollywood movies deliver a chance for cine fans—a way to step out of their own routine lives and step into the lives of other, usually colorful people. In short, we may love it or we may criticize it, but Bollywood is an eternal part of every Indian’s life.



Hot Hindi Stuff Online:

The Bhagavad Gita (Penguin Classics)The Bhagavad Gita (Penguin Classics)The eighteen chapters of The Bhagavad Gita (c. 500 b.c.), the glory of Sanskrit literature, encompass the whole spiritual struggle of a human soul. Its three central themes-love, light, and life-arise from the symphonic vision of God in all things and of all things in God.

Translated by Juan Mascaró
Introduction by Simon Brodbeck
The New Sciences of Religion: Exploring Spirituality from the Outside In and Bottom UpThe New Sciences of Religion: Exploring Spirituality from the Outside In and Bottom Up

The New Sciences of Religion is a critical analysis of new scientific research on religious and spiritual phenomena. William Grassie takes a two-staged phenomenological approach working from the “outside in” and the “bottom up” without privileging at the outset any religious traditions or philosophical assumptions. Using insights from economics, evolutionary psychology, the neurosciences, and medicine, Grassie develops a complex and multifaceted understanding of religion as potentially functional and dysfunctional in specific contexts, differentially so for individuals and groups. The New Sciences of Religion then asks what in religion and spirituality might also be true and profound when our received traditions are reinterpreted in light of contemporary sciences. In contrast to the New Atheists, Grassie argues for a concept of God-by-whatever-name that is fully compatible with contemporary science and the reinterpretation of traditional religions. In the end, there is no grand unified theory of religion and none of the many scientific explanations of religion preclude that religions have intuited, experienced, and discovered true and profound insights into the nature of ultimate reality and human existence. This is an original and compelling scientific interpretation of religion and also a religious interpretation of science that will challenge and delight students and scholars alike.

Revolt! The Next Great Transformation from Kleptocracy Capitalism to Libertarian Socialism through Counter Ideology, Societal Education, & Direct ActionRevolt! The Next Great Transformation from Kleptocracy Capitalism to Libertarian Socialism through Counter Ideology, Societal Education, & Direct ActionChampioning counter ideology, societal education, and direct action professor Asimakopoulos develops a theory to action model for working class movement building toward societies based on self-organization and self-direction. Revolt! begins with an analysis of the 2008 economic collapse showing how neoliberal globalization is intensifying capitalism's contradictions resulting in perpetual crises affecting workers. By looking at the labor and civil rights movements it then demonstrates meaningful working class gains were obtained through high levels of class conflict made possible by radical leaders and ideology, class-consciousness and solidarity through societal education, and even rebellion. Now, argues professor Asimakopoulos, social justice can only be achieved through a new movement which, short of the immediate overthrow of capitalism, can obtain with direct action specific working class victories that will set in motion evolutionary radical change. One strategic proposal is demanding corporate boards of directors only include community and labor representatives. Revolt! will be of most interest to workers, activists, college students, and scholars, as well as anyone interested in the practical side of radical anarchism, Marxism, and social movements.
Ask Your Science Teacher: Answers to Everyday Questions: Things you always wanted to know about how the world works.Ask Your Science Teacher: Answers to Everyday Questions: Things you always wanted to know about how the world works.Curiosity stirs the soul of every human. Who has not wondered about how the human body works? Can a person drink too much water? How does gravity make things fall? Why do sunflowers always face the sun. What about a man flying with wings? How big would those wings have to be? How tall can a human grow? Why are tennis balls fuzzy? What happens to the white when snow melts? What does Einstein's famous equation really mean? Why can't we invent a time machine? Do aliens live among us? What is heavy water? Why is it quiet after a snowfall? Why do dogs drool? How risky is driving a car? Mysteries lurk in our house, our body, the outdoors, in the heavens, and the universe. Over 250 "I always wondered about that" questions and answers are in this book. Larry Scheckel has taught high school science for over 38 years and writes a weekly science column for the local newspaper. Known as Mr. Science, Larry Scheckel has given science presentations to thousands of children and adults across the United States. He has been a "full house" presenter at conventions and science seminars. Mr. Science has thrilled audiences for over 35 years with amazing science demonstrations to audiences from kindergarten to adults. Browse the contents of this book and enjoy an entertaining and thoughtful look at how our world works. Discover the secrets of life's most baffling mysteries.
A History of RussiaA History of RussiaWidely acclaimed as the best one-volume survey text available, A History of Russia presents the whole span of Russia's history, from the origins of the Kievan state and the building of an empire, to Soviet Russia, the successor states, and beyond. Drawing on both primary sources and major interpretive works, this sixth edition updates its existing coverage of the social, economic, cultural, political and miliary events of Russia's past and includes a new chapter on the post-Gorbachev era as well as helpful updated biblipgraphies and reading source lists.
Examining contemporary issues such as the rise of Yeltsin, the nationalities question, and Russia's attempts to market capitalism, this sixth edition takes the study of Russia straight into the new millennium, continuing A History of Russia's nearly forty-year track record as the leader in the field.
Race and Class Matters at an Elite CollegeRace and Class Matters at an Elite College

In Race and Class Matters at an Elite College, Elizabeth Aries provides a rare glimpse into the challenges faced by black and white college students from widely different class backgrounds as they come to live together as freshmen. Based on an intensive study Aries conducted with 58 students at Amherst College during the 2005-2006 academic year, this book offers a uniquely personal look at the day-to-day thoughts and feelings of students as they experience racial and economic diversity firsthand, some for the first time.

Through online questionnaires and face-to-face interviews, Aries followed four groups of students throughout their first year of college: affluent whites, affluent blacks, less financially advantaged whites from families with more limited education, and less financially advantaged blacks from the same background. Drawing heavily on the voices of these freshmen, Aries chronicles what they learned from racial and class diversity—and what colleges might do to help their students learn more.

Posted in Hindi Colleges and Universities0 Comments

Welcome to Dubai!

Hindi Hub Articles


Dubai is a modern city surrounded by beautiful beaches, desert landscape and rugged mountains. Frequently referred to as the “City of Gold,” Dubai is where Middle Eastern traditionalism meets Western glitz. It is noted for being a very safe, tolerant and friendly city and renowned for its beautiful beaches, modern architecture and cosmopolitan community.

Dubai is situated on the Persian Gulf coast of the United Arab Emirates, directly within the Arabian Desert. The city has no natural river bodies or oases, but does have a natural inlet, Dubai Creek, which has been dredged to make it deep enough for large vessels to pass through. Dubai is an important tourist destination and its port, Jebel Ali, constructed in the 1970s, has the largest man-made harbor in the world. Dubai is increasingly developing as a hub for service industries such as technology and finance.

Of the seven Emirates that make up the United Arab Emirates, Dubai has the largest population. Dubai’s population comprises mainly of expatriates, with UAE nationals constituting the minority. According to the UAE Ministry of Labor, more than one million residents of Dubai, or 83% of the population is foreign born. The majority of foreign nationals hail from India (51%), followed by Pakistan (16%). Dubai is home to some 100,000 Western Expats.

The official language of Dubuai is Arabic but English is widely spoken, especially in the business sector. Since most road and shop signs, restaurant menus, etc., are in both English and Arabic, one could live quite easily in this city without speaking Arabic. Persian, Malayalam, Hindi, Urdu, Bengali, and Tagalog also widely spoken.

Dubai has a desert climate with temperatures ranging from 50 degrees Fahrenheit in the winter to 118 degrees Fahrenheit in the summer. Rainfall is infrequent and UAE residents term the climate as “seven months in paradise and five more in an inferno.” The warm climate makes it acceptable to wear shorts and T-shirts however, as Dubai is a Muslim city, visitors should be aware of their attire: shoulders should be covered and women should avoid wearing tight-fitting clothing.

All visitors, except for nationals of the Arab Gulf Co-operation Council (AGCC), which includes visitors from Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, and Saudi Arabia, will need to have a visa sponsored by a local entity such as a hotel or tour company. British citizens with the right of abode in the UK and expatriate residents of the AGCC of certain nationalities and professions may qualify for automatic 30 day visit visas on arrival, but regulations should be checked before traveling.

There are several items that should not be brought into the UAE including alcohol, pornography, ivory, drugs, walkie talkies, remote & cordless telephones, religious items (crosses, Buddhas, videos with biblical images), firearms, ammunition, draggers, knives, swords and spears.

The unit of currency is the UAE Dirham (Dh), and there are 100 fils in each Dirham. The Dirham is available in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1,000 notes and in 25 fils, 50 fils. For every day purchases, such as groceries, cash and credit cards are commonly used. Automatic teller machines (ATMs) are available around the clock.

The most popular neighborhoods for expats are areas such as Jumeirah, Umm Sequim, Emirates Lakes, Emirates Hills, Mirdiff for villas and Bur Dubai & Sheikh Zayed for apartments. Each of these areas is prized for its proximity to good schools and shopping. Most expats tend to rent, as until recently they were not allowed to own property in the UAE. However, beginning in the Summer 2002, this started changing. Today, many expatriate subdivisions (including the Dubai Marina, The Greens, The Meadows, Arabian Ranches, the Palm Project, etc.) are available with the option to buy.

For Expats renting a home in Dubai, their rent is usually paid by check. To open a bank account, a passport and visa (or application) will be needed. A work contract or No Objection Letter from a sponsor and a document that can identify one as a local resident, such as a utility bill or driver’s license, may suffice. Non-residents are not able to open bank accounts.

Due to the high expatriate population, the educational system in Dubai is extremely diverse. English is the most common teaching language. The majority of the British curriculum schools have waiting lists and availability of other schools will vary depending on the time of the year the student will be enrolling. Local schools generally have three terms: Autumn, which runs from mid-September to mid-December; Spring, which runs from early January to early April; and Summer, which runs from mid-April through early July.

For university education, many expatriates tend to send their children back to their home country or to Western countries. Even though Dubai has plans to increase more accredited colleges, they continue to send 90% of all potential secondary school students to India for a stronger technological education. A sizable number of foreign accredited universities have been set up in the city over the last ten years. More and more ‘A’ level and International Baccalaurate education institutions are being establishing in the region.

Driving is the most popular mode of transport in Dubai, where people drive on the right hand side of the road. Valid license holders from certain countries will be able to “swap” their licenses for a Dubai one. These countries are: Australia, Austria, Bahrain, Belgium, Canada, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Greece, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Kuwait, Luxembourg, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Oman, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Slovakia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom and United States.

Anyone holding a license from a country not listed above will have to take a local driving test.

It is mandatory for front seat passengers to wear seatbelts in cars and it is illegal for children under the age of 10 to sit in the front seat. Taxis are plentiful and neighborhood buses are available but most people prefer to drive. If it’s convenient, the abra, a water taxi that crosses Dubai Creek, is another option. There are also buses that provide transportation to many destinations including outside Dubai and throughout the Emirates.

Stores in Dubai are generally open for longer hours than in other countries. Many are open from 10:00am to 10:00pm, with the exception of Fridays when they may be open from 4:00 pm to 10:00 pm. Some of the smaller shops keep to the old tradition of closing for a siesta from 1:00pm to 4:00pm. Dubai has international food companies, white goods stores and pharmacies, all selling a wide variety of items at competitive prices. There are retail outlets to suit most shapes, sizes and budgets. There are also many local tailors who will make virtually anything at a reasonable cost.

For the children, Dubai is comparable to many large towns throughout Europe or North America with a wide range of activities tailored especially for the youngsters. Some of the more popular kid-friendly attractions in the area are softball parks, Wild Wadi Water Park, Dubai Zoo, Cyber Games Park, Children’s City, Wonderland Theme Park and Magic Planet. There are many activities available both during weekends and after school, ranging from sports to arts. One important thing to remember is that the hot sun of Dubai can be very dangerous for young children. It is essential that they drink plenty of water and use sun block.

Like most major cities, Dubai’s malls are a very popular gathering place for teenagers. To help teenagers learn more about the culture and local customs, a good source of information is the Sheikh Mohammed Center for Cultural understanding. This organization hosts an array of opportunities such as Mosque visits with explanations, and “Question & Answer” sessions.

Dubia has a impressive nightlife, a variety of sports and beach clubs, etc., where singles and married couples and families can easily meet others who share their interests. Most Dubai residents have at one point been new to the city. This being the case, Emiratis are eager to welcome newcomers and are well known for being welcoming, hospitable, tolerant and friendly.

Written by:

Chris Draeger, Group Vice President, Crown Relocations

Crown Relocations has been providing international moving and relocation services since 1965. With 200 offices in 50 countries, Crown has “people on the ground” in all the major Expat communities around the world. Crown provides a range of services to help Expats and their families move and settle into their new home ranging from Orientation Tours, Home finding, School Search and more. Crown also organizes Expat Clubs with regular events to help people meet and socialize with other Expats.

We also serve corporate clients as they develop and manage the relocation policies and employee benefit programs for the staff moving overseas. Services include expense management, program development, policy counseling, customized online reporting and full departure and destination services for the employees.

Crown is a private organization headquartered in Hong Kong, with European HQ in London and Americas HQ in Los Angeles California.

Crown provides free moving quotations on its website at http://www.crownrelo.com



Hot Hindi Stuff Online:

The Bhagavad Gita (Penguin Classics)The Bhagavad Gita (Penguin Classics)The eighteen chapters of The Bhagavad Gita (c. 500 b.c.), the glory of Sanskrit literature, encompass the whole spiritual struggle of a human soul. Its three central themes-love, light, and life-arise from the symphonic vision of God in all things and of all things in God.

Translated by Juan Mascaró
Introduction by Simon Brodbeck
The New Sciences of Religion: Exploring Spirituality from the Outside In and Bottom UpThe New Sciences of Religion: Exploring Spirituality from the Outside In and Bottom Up

The New Sciences of Religion is a critical analysis of new scientific research on religious and spiritual phenomena. William Grassie takes a two-staged phenomenological approach working from the “outside in” and the “bottom up” without privileging at the outset any religious traditions or philosophical assumptions. Using insights from economics, evolutionary psychology, the neurosciences, and medicine, Grassie develops a complex and multifaceted understanding of religion as potentially functional and dysfunctional in specific contexts, differentially so for individuals and groups. The New Sciences of Religion then asks what in religion and spirituality might also be true and profound when our received traditions are reinterpreted in light of contemporary sciences. In contrast to the New Atheists, Grassie argues for a concept of God-by-whatever-name that is fully compatible with contemporary science and the reinterpretation of traditional religions. In the end, there is no grand unified theory of religion and none of the many scientific explanations of religion preclude that religions have intuited, experienced, and discovered true and profound insights into the nature of ultimate reality and human existence. This is an original and compelling scientific interpretation of religion and also a religious interpretation of science that will challenge and delight students and scholars alike.

Revolt! The Next Great Transformation from Kleptocracy Capitalism to Libertarian Socialism through Counter Ideology, Societal Education, & Direct ActionRevolt! The Next Great Transformation from Kleptocracy Capitalism to Libertarian Socialism through Counter Ideology, Societal Education, & Direct ActionChampioning counter ideology, societal education, and direct action professor Asimakopoulos develops a theory to action model for working class movement building toward societies based on self-organization and self-direction. Revolt! begins with an analysis of the 2008 economic collapse showing how neoliberal globalization is intensifying capitalism's contradictions resulting in perpetual crises affecting workers. By looking at the labor and civil rights movements it then demonstrates meaningful working class gains were obtained through high levels of class conflict made possible by radical leaders and ideology, class-consciousness and solidarity through societal education, and even rebellion. Now, argues professor Asimakopoulos, social justice can only be achieved through a new movement which, short of the immediate overthrow of capitalism, can obtain with direct action specific working class victories that will set in motion evolutionary radical change. One strategic proposal is demanding corporate boards of directors only include community and labor representatives. Revolt! will be of most interest to workers, activists, college students, and scholars, as well as anyone interested in the practical side of radical anarchism, Marxism, and social movements.
Ask Your Science Teacher: Answers to Everyday Questions: Things you always wanted to know about how the world works.Ask Your Science Teacher: Answers to Everyday Questions: Things you always wanted to know about how the world works.Curiosity stirs the soul of every human. Who has not wondered about how the human body works? Can a person drink too much water? How does gravity make things fall? Why do sunflowers always face the sun. What about a man flying with wings? How big would those wings have to be? How tall can a human grow? Why are tennis balls fuzzy? What happens to the white when snow melts? What does Einstein's famous equation really mean? Why can't we invent a time machine? Do aliens live among us? What is heavy water? Why is it quiet after a snowfall? Why do dogs drool? How risky is driving a car? Mysteries lurk in our house, our body, the outdoors, in the heavens, and the universe. Over 250 "I always wondered about that" questions and answers are in this book. Larry Scheckel has taught high school science for over 38 years and writes a weekly science column for the local newspaper. Known as Mr. Science, Larry Scheckel has given science presentations to thousands of children and adults across the United States. He has been a "full house" presenter at conventions and science seminars. Mr. Science has thrilled audiences for over 35 years with amazing science demonstrations to audiences from kindergarten to adults. Browse the contents of this book and enjoy an entertaining and thoughtful look at how our world works. Discover the secrets of life's most baffling mysteries.
A History of RussiaA History of RussiaWidely acclaimed as the best one-volume survey text available, A History of Russia presents the whole span of Russia's history, from the origins of the Kievan state and the building of an empire, to Soviet Russia, the successor states, and beyond. Drawing on both primary sources and major interpretive works, this sixth edition updates its existing coverage of the social, economic, cultural, political and miliary events of Russia's past and includes a new chapter on the post-Gorbachev era as well as helpful updated biblipgraphies and reading source lists.
Examining contemporary issues such as the rise of Yeltsin, the nationalities question, and Russia's attempts to market capitalism, this sixth edition takes the study of Russia straight into the new millennium, continuing A History of Russia's nearly forty-year track record as the leader in the field.
Race and Class Matters at an Elite CollegeRace and Class Matters at an Elite College

In Race and Class Matters at an Elite College, Elizabeth Aries provides a rare glimpse into the challenges faced by black and white college students from widely different class backgrounds as they come to live together as freshmen. Based on an intensive study Aries conducted with 58 students at Amherst College during the 2005-2006 academic year, this book offers a uniquely personal look at the day-to-day thoughts and feelings of students as they experience racial and economic diversity firsthand, some for the first time.

Through online questionnaires and face-to-face interviews, Aries followed four groups of students throughout their first year of college: affluent whites, affluent blacks, less financially advantaged whites from families with more limited education, and less financially advantaged blacks from the same background. Drawing heavily on the voices of these freshmen, Aries chronicles what they learned from racial and class diversity—and what colleges might do to help their students learn more.

Posted in Hindi Colleges and Universities0 Comments

Components of Urdu Poem

Hindi Hub Articles


Every poem of Urdu poetry is unique and unequalled, but as all genres of literature Urdu poetry also has it scruples and principles and every Urdu poem has basic ingredients which are essential.  So, let’s find out what these ingredients and principles are.

The form of each Urdu poem is called ghazal. Ghazal is a collection of many couplets, called ashaar. Each couplet called sher expresses certain though which is different from thought in other couplet. Each Urdu poem also contains the following components: bahar, radeef, matla, maqta, and qafiya. Here are meanings of above mentioned terms:

Bahar – is a meter or length of the couplet. Each line of the couplet must have the same bahar. There are 19 types of bahar and they can be short, medium or long ones.

Radeef – is a word or phrase which is repeated in the end of second line of each couplet. Redeef must be the same all the time within the poem.

Malta – is referred to the first couplet of ghazal.

Maqta – usuaaly Urdu poets wrote their works using definite pen-name which is called Takhallus. They included this Takhallus in the last couplet of the poem; it was something like a signature. So, the last couplet with Takhallus is called maqta.

Qafiya – is a rhyming patters used before radeef in the end of every couplet.

 In modem Urdu poems the usage of all rules is not so strict and some departures are possible. But it is necessary to remember the main rules – every couplet has different theme, every couplet should have the same bahar, every couplet has radeef, malta but may not have maqta.



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